linuxrouter/docker/routlin-dash/app/view_page.py

from flask import Blueprint, session, redirect, get_flashed_messages
from markupsafe import Markup
import json, re, subprocess, os, sys, html as html_mod
import sanitize
import validation as validate
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from config_utils import config_hash, get_pending_entries, get_dashboard_pending, get_dashboard_done, load_snapshot_for_uuid, queue_command, _apply_changes_immediately, _seconds_until_next_run, _format_timing, _is_locked, _lock_mtime, WEB_APP_DISPLAY_NAME, CONFIGS_DIR, DATA_DIR

bp = Blueprint('view_page', __name__)


LEVEL_RANK = {'nothing': 0, 'viewer': 1, 'administrator': 2, 'manager': 3}


# Access level ======================================================

def _client_level():
    return LEVEL_RANK.get(session.get('access_level', 'nothing'), 0)

def _passes(req, level):
    if not req:
        return False
    for suffix, check in (('+', lambda n, l: l >= n),
                          ('-', lambda n, l: l <= n),
                          ('=', lambda n, l: l == n)):
        if req.endswith(suffix):
            role   = req[:-1].replace('client_is_', '', 1)
            needed = LEVEL_RANK.get(role)
            if needed is None:
                print(f'[view_page] WARNING: unknown role "{role}" in client_requirement "{req}"', file=sys.stderr)
                return False
            return check(needed, level)
    print(f'[view_page] WARNING: client_requirement "{req}" has no valid suffix (+, -, =)', file=sys.stderr)
    return False


# File loaders ======================================================

def _load_json(path):
    try:
        with open(path) as f:
            return json.load(f)
    except Exception as ex:
        print(f'[view_page] ERROR loading {path}: {ex}', file=sys.stderr)
        return {}

def _load_config():   return _load_json(f'{CONFIGS_DIR}/config.json')
def _load_ddns():     return _load_config().get('ddns', {})
def _load_accounts(): return _load_json(f'{DATA_DIR}/authorized_accounts.json')

def _load_css():
    try:
        with open(f'{DATA_DIR}/page_styles.css') as f:
            return f.read()
    except Exception:
        return ''


# Shell helper ======================================================

def _run(cmd):
    try:
        r = subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=5)
        return r.stdout.strip()
    except Exception:
        return ''


def _prefix_to_dotted(n):
    mask = (0xFFFFFFFF << (32 - n)) & 0xFFFFFFFF
    return '.'.join(str((mask >> (8 * i)) & 0xFF) for i in (3, 2, 1, 0))


def _get_system_interfaces():
    _EXCLUDE_PREFIXES = ('lo', 'wg', 'docker', 'br-', 'veth',
                         'tun', 'tap', 'ppp', 'virbr',
                         'podman', 'vnet', 'macvtap', 'fc-')
    try:
        return sorted(
            n for n in os.listdir('/sys/class/net')
            if not n.startswith(_EXCLUDE_PREFIXES)
            and os.path.exists(f'/sys/class/net/{n}/device')
        )
    except Exception:
        return []


def _iface_info(iface):
    base = f'/sys/class/net/{iface}'
    def _rd(path):
        try:
            with open(f'{base}/{path}') as f:
                return f.read().strip()
        except Exception:
            return None
    wireless   = os.path.isdir(f'{base}/wireless')
    state      = (_rd('operstate') or 'unknown').upper()
    if state == 'UNKNOWN':
        state  = 'UP'
    carrier_raw = _rd('carrier')
    carrier    = (carrier_raw == '1') if carrier_raw is not None else None
    speed_raw  = _rd('speed')
    try:
        mbps   = int(speed_raw)
        if mbps <= 0:
            speed = None
        elif mbps >= 1000 and mbps % 1000 == 0:
            speed = f'{mbps // 1000} Gbps'
        else:
            speed = f'{mbps} Mbps'
    except (TypeError, ValueError):
        speed = None
    mac      = _rd('address')
    perm_mac = _rd('perm_address')
    if perm_mac and perm_mac == '00:00:00:00:00:00':
        perm_mac = None
    # DEBUG
    # if not perm_mac: perm_mac = 'de:ad:be:ef:f0:0d'
    def _int(val):
        try: return int(val) if val else None
        except ValueError: return None
    return {
        'name':     iface,
        'wireless': wireless,
        'state':    state,
        'carrier':  carrier,
        'speed':    speed,
        'mtu':      _rd('mtu'),
        'min_mtu':  _int(_rd('min_mtu')),
        'max_mtu':  _int(_rd('max_mtu')),
        'mac':      mac,
        'perm_mac': perm_mac,
    }


def _iface_status(iface):
    """Return link state for iface by reading /sys/class/net/<iface>/operstate.
    Returns INVALID if the interface does not exist, otherwise UP/DOWN/UNKNOWN/etc."""
    if not iface:
        return 'INVALID'
    safe = re.sub(r'[^A-Za-z0-9._-]', '', iface)
    if not safe:
        return 'INVALID'
    try:
        with open(f'/sys/class/net/{safe}/operstate') as f:
            state = f.read().strip().upper()
        return state if state else 'UP'
    except OSError:
        return 'INVALID'


def _resolve_iface(vlan, cfg):
    """Compute interface name from is_vpn + derived vlan_id + general.lan_interface."""
    if vlan.get('is_vpn'):
        wg_vlans = [v for v in cfg.get('vlans', []) if v.get('is_vpn')]
        wg_sorted = sorted(wg_vlans, key=lambda v: (
            validate.derive_vlan_id(v.get('subnet', ''), v.get('subnet_mask', 24)) is None,
            validate.derive_vlan_id(v.get('subnet', ''), v.get('subnet_mask', 24)) or 0,
        ))
        idx = next((i for i, v in enumerate(wg_sorted) if v is vlan), 0)
        return f'wg{idx}'
    lan = cfg.get('network_interfaces', {}).get('lan_interface', 'eth0')
    vid = validate.derive_vlan_id(vlan.get('subnet', ''), vlan.get('subnet_mask', 24)) or 1
    return lan if vid == 1 else f'{lan}.{vid}'


# Live data loaders =================================================

def _live_dhcp_leases():
    rows = []
    leases_file = '/var/lib/misc/dnsmasq.leases'
    try:
        with open(leases_file) as f:
            for line in f:
                parts = line.strip().split()
                if len(parts) >= 4:
                    rows.append({
                        'hostname':    parts[3] if parts[3] != '*' else '-',
                        'ip_address':  parts[2],
                        'mac_address': parts[1],
                        'vlan_name':   _vlan_name_for_ip(parts[2]),
                        'expires':     _fmt_timestamp(int(parts[0])),
                    })
    except Exception:
        pass
    return rows

def _vlan_name_for_ip(ip):
    import ipaddress
    for vlan in _load_config().get('vlans', []):
        subnet = vlan.get('subnet', '')
        mask   = vlan.get('subnet_mask', 24)
        if not subnet:
            continue
        try:
            if ipaddress.ip_address(ip) in ipaddress.ip_network(f'{subnet}/{mask}', strict=False):
                return vlan.get('name', '-')
        except Exception:
            pass
    return '-'

def _fmt_timestamp(ts):
    try:
        return datetime.fromtimestamp(ts, tz=timezone.utc).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M UTC')
    except Exception:
        return '-'

def _relative_time(ts):
    try:
        diff = int(datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc).timestamp()) - int(ts)
        if diff < 60:
            n = max(0, diff)
            return f'{n} second{"s" if n != 1 else ""} ago'
        m = diff // 60
        if m < 60:
            return f'{m} minute{"s" if m != 1 else ""} ago'
        h = m // 60
        if h < 24:
            return f'{h} hour{"s" if h != 1 else ""} ago'
        d = h // 24
        if d < 365:
            return f'{d} day{"s" if d != 1 else ""} ago'
        y = d // 365
        return f'{y} year{"s" if y != 1 else ""} ago'
    except Exception:
        return ''

def _live_vpn_sessions():
    rows = []
    out = _run('wg show all dump 2>/dev/null')
    for line in out.splitlines():
        parts = line.split('\t')
        if len(parts) == 9:
            interface, _pubkey, _psk, endpoint, allowed_ips, last_hs, rx, tx, _ka = parts
            rows.append({
                'peer_name':      _pubkey[:16] + '...',
                'interface':      interface,
                'tunnel_ip':      allowed_ips.split(',')[0].split('/')[0] if allowed_ips else '-',
                'endpoint':       endpoint if endpoint != '(none)' else '-',
                'last_handshake': _fmt_timestamp(int(last_hs)) if last_hs.isdigit() and last_hs != '0' else 'Never',
                'rx_bytes':       _fmt_bytes(int(rx)) if rx.isdigit() else '-',
                'tx_bytes':       _fmt_bytes(int(tx)) if tx.isdigit() else '-',
            })
    return rows

def _fmt_bytes(n):
    for unit in ('B', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB'):
        if n < 1024:
            return f'{n:.1f} {unit}'
        n /= 1024
    return f'{n:.1f} TB'


# Config data loaders ===============================================

def _config_datasource(name):
    cfg = _load_config()
    vlans = cfg.get('vlans', [])

    if name == 'interfaces':
        gen = cfg.get('network_interfaces', {})
        wan = gen.get('wan_interface', '')
        lan = gen.get('lan_interface', '')
        return [
            {'iface_type': 'WAN', 'interface': wan, 'status': _iface_status(wan)},
            {'iface_type': 'LAN', 'interface': lan, 'status': _iface_status(lan)},
        ]

    if name == 'banned_ips':
        return cfg.get('banned_ips', [])

    if name == 'host_overrides':
        return cfg.get('host_overrides', [])

    if name == 'blocklists':
        rows = []
        for bl in cfg.get('dns_blocking', {}).get('blocklists', []):
            row = dict(bl)
            bl_path = f'{CONFIGS_DIR}/blocklists/{bl.get("save_as", "")}'
            try:
                with open(bl_path) as f:
                    row['domain_count'] = str(sum(1 for _ in f))
                row['last_updated'] = _fmt_timestamp(int(os.path.getmtime(bl_path)))
            except Exception:
                row['domain_count'] = '-'
                row['last_updated'] = '-'
            rows.append(row)
        return rows

    if name == 'vlans':
        bl_desc = {b['name']: b.get('description', b['name']) for b in cfg.get('dns_blocking', {}).get('blocklists', []) if 'name' in b}
        rows = []
        for v in sorted(vlans, key=lambda x: validate.derive_vlan_id(x.get('subnet', ''), x.get('subnet_mask', 24)) or 0):
            row = {k: v.get(k) for k in ('name', 'subnet', 'subnet_mask', 'radius_default', 'mdns_reflection', 'is_vpn', 'dnsmasq_log_queries')}
            row['vlan_id']  = validate.derive_vlan_id(v.get('subnet', ''), v.get('subnet_mask', 24))
            row['interface'] = _resolve_iface(v, cfg)
            row['use_blocklists'] = json.dumps([
                {'n': bl, 'd': bl_desc.get(bl, bl)} for bl in v.get('use_blocklists', [])
            ])
            rows.append(row)
        return rows

    if name == 'inter_vlan_exceptions':
        return cfg.get('inter_vlan_exceptions', [])

    if name == 'port_forwarding':
        return cfg.get('port_forwarding', [])

    if name == 'dhcp_reservations':
        rows = []
        for vlan in vlans:
            for res in vlan.get('reservations', []):
                row = dict(res)
                row['vlan_name'] = vlan.get('name', '-')
                rows.append(row)
        return rows

    if name == 'ddns_providers':
        ddns = _load_ddns()
        rows = []
        for p in ddns.get('providers', []):
            row = dict(p)
            ptype = p.get('provider', '').lower()
            if ptype == 'noip':
                row['credentials'] = (f'<div style="line-height:1.3">'
                                      f'<b>U:</b> {e(p.get("username", "-"))}<br/>'
                                      f'<b>P:</b> &bull;&bull;&bull;&bull;&bull;&bull;</div>')
            elif ptype in ('cloudflare', 'duckdns'):
                tok = p.get('api_token', '')
                row['credentials'] = f'<b>API Token:</b> {e(tok[:20])}...' if tok else '(not set)'
            else:
                row['credentials'] = '-'
            row['hostnames'] = json.dumps(p.get('hostnames', p.get('subdomains', [])))
            rows.append(row)
        return rows

    if name == 'accounts':
        rows = []
        for acct in _load_accounts().get('accounts', []):
            row = dict(acct)
            row['account_status'] = 'active' if acct.get('hashed_password') else 'pending'
            rows.append(row)
        return rows

    if name == 'vpn_peers':
        rows = []
        _wg_sorted = sorted(
            [v for v in vlans if v.get('is_vpn')],
            key=lambda v: (validate.derive_vlan_id(v.get('subnet', ''), v.get('subnet_mask', 24)) is None,
                           validate.derive_vlan_id(v.get('subnet', ''), v.get('subnet_mask', 24)) or 0)
        )
        for i, vlan in enumerate(_wg_sorted):
            iface = f'wg{i}'
            vlan_display = f'{iface} (VLAN {validate.derive_vlan_id(vlan.get("subnet", ""), vlan.get("subnet_mask", 24)) or "?"})'
            for peer in vlan.get('peers', []):
                row = dict(peer)
                row['vlan_display'] = vlan_display
                row['split_tunnel'] = 'yes' if peer.get('split_tunnel') else 'no'
                row['pubkey_short'] = peer.get('public_key', '')[:20] + '...' if peer.get('public_key') else '-'
                rows.append(row)
        return rows

    return []


# Live stat helpers =================================================

def _get_dnsmasq_stats():
    stats = {'queries': '-', 'hits': '-', 'hit_rate': '-',
             'forwarded': '-', 'auth': '-', 'tcp_peak': '-'}
    out = _run('journalctl -u dnsmasq -n 200 --no-pager 2>/dev/null')
    for line in reversed(out.splitlines()):
        if 'queries forwarded' in line:
            m = re.search(r'queries forwarded (\d+)', line)
            if m: stats['forwarded'] = m.group(1)
            m = re.search(r'queries answered locally (\d+)', line)
            if m: stats['hits'] = m.group(1)
            fwd = int(stats['forwarded']) if stats['forwarded'] != '-' else 0
            hit = int(stats['hits'])      if stats['hits']      != '-' else 0
            total = fwd + hit
            stats['queries'] = str(total) if total else '-'
            if total > 0:
                stats['hit_rate'] = f'{hit / total * 100:.0f}%'
            break
        if 'auth answered' in line:
            m = re.search(r'auth answered (\d+)', line)
            if m and stats['auth'] == '-':
                stats['auth'] = m.group(1)
        if 'max TCP connections' in line:
            m = re.search(r'max TCP connections (\d+)', line)
            if m and stats['tcp_peak'] == '-':
                stats['tcp_peak'] = m.group(1)
    return stats

def _count_blocked_today():
    out = _run("journalctl -u dnsmasq --since today --no-pager 2>/dev/null | grep -c 'is NXDOMAIN'")
    return out or '0'

def _count_blocked_domains():
    bl_dir = f'{CONFIGS_DIR}/blocklists'
    try:
        total = sum(
            int(_run(f'wc -l < "{bl_dir}/{f}"') or 0)
            for f in os.listdir(bl_dir) if f.endswith('.conf')
        )
        return str(total)
    except Exception:
        return '-'

def _bl_last_update():
    bl_dir = f'{CONFIGS_DIR}/blocklists'
    try:
        mtime = max(
            os.path.getmtime(f'{bl_dir}/{f}')
            for f in os.listdir(bl_dir) if f.endswith('.conf')
        )
        return _fmt_timestamp(int(mtime))
    except Exception:
        return '-'

def _blocklist_stats_html(cfg):
    bl_dir = f'{CONFIGS_DIR}/blocklists'
    rows = ''
    for bl in cfg.get('dns_blocking', {}).get('blocklists', []):
        name    = e(bl.get('name', ''))
        save_as = bl.get('save_as', '')
        bl_path = f'{bl_dir}/{save_as}' if save_as else ''
        try:
            with open(bl_path) as f:
                entries = sum(1 for _ in f)
            mtime          = int(os.path.getmtime(bl_path))
            size_str       = _fmt_bytes(os.path.getsize(bl_path))
            last_refreshed = f'{datetime.fromtimestamp(mtime).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")} ({_relative_time(mtime)})'
        except Exception:
            entries, size_str, last_refreshed = '-', '-', 'Never'
        rows += (f'<tr>'
                 f'<td class="table-cell">{name}</td>'
                 f'<td class="table-cell">{entries}</td>'
                 f'<td class="table-cell">{size_str}</td>'
                 f'<td class="table-cell">{e(last_refreshed)}</td>'
                 f'</tr>')
    if not rows:
        return ''
    return (
        '<table class="data-table">'
        '<thead><tr>'
        '<th class="table-header">Blocklist</th>'
        '<th class="table-header">Entries</th>'
        '<th class="table-header">Size</th>'
        '<th class="table-header">Last Refreshed</th>'
        '</tr></thead>'
        f'<tbody>{rows}</tbody>'
        '</table>'
    )


DDNS_LOG_MAX = 50

def _ddns_log_tail():
    log_path = f'{CONFIGS_DIR}/ddns.log'
    try:
        log_max_kb = _load_ddns().get('general', {}).get('log_max_kb', 1024)
        size_kb    = os.path.getsize(log_path) / 1024
        with open(log_path) as f:
            lines = f.readlines()
        if not lines:
            return '(log is empty)', ''
        total  = len(lines)
        tail   = lines[-DDNS_LOG_MAX:]
        shown  = len(tail)
        hidden = total - shown
        pct    = min(100, round(size_kb / log_max_kb * 100)) if log_max_kb else 0
        left   = f'Showing {shown} of {total} lines ({hidden} not shown)' if hidden > 0 else f'Showing {shown} of {total} lines'
        right  = f'Log file size: {size_kb:.1f} KB ({pct}% of max)'
        summary = (f'<div class="text-muted" style="display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin-top:0.5em;">'
                   f'<span>{left}</span><span>{right}</span></div>')
        return ''.join(tail).strip(), summary
    except FileNotFoundError:
        return '(log file not found)', ''
    except Exception:
        return '(error reading log)', ''

def _fmt_seconds(secs):
    secs = int(secs)
    if secs < 60:
        return f'{secs}s'
    m, s = divmod(secs, 60)
    if m < 60:
        return f'{m}m {s}s' if s else f'{m}m'
    h, m = divmod(m, 60)
    return f'{h}h {m}m' if m else f'{h}h'

def _parse_interval_to_seconds(s):
    m = re.match(r'^(\d+)([mhd])$', str(s).strip())
    if not m:
        return None
    val, unit = int(m.group(1)), m.group(2)
    return val * {'m': 60, 'h': 3600, 'd': 86400}[unit]

def _parse_time_remaining(text):
    for line in text.splitlines():
        if 'Trigger:' in line:
            total, found = 0, False
            for amt, unit in re.findall(r'(\d+)\s*(day|h|min|s)\b', line):
                total += int(amt) * {'day': 86400, 'h': 3600, 'min': 60, 's': 1}[unit]
                found = True
            if found:
                return total
    return None

def _read_cached_ip():
    """Return (ip, mtime) from the most recent .ddns-last-ip-* file, or ('', None)."""
    try:
        best_ip, best_mtime = '', 0.0
        for fname in os.listdir(CONFIGS_DIR):
            if fname.startswith('.ddns-last-ip-'):
                path = f'{CONFIGS_DIR}/{fname}'
                mtime = os.path.getmtime(path)
                if mtime > best_mtime:
                    ip = open(path).read().strip()
                    if ip:
                        best_ip, best_mtime = ip, mtime
        return best_ip, (best_mtime if best_ip else None)
    except Exception:
        return '', None

def _public_ip_info(ddns_cfg):
    """Return (ip_str, domains_sub, next_interval_str, last_obtained_str) for stat cards."""
    enabled_p = [p for p in ddns_cfg.get('providers', []) if p.get('enabled', True)]
    all_hosts = []
    for p in enabled_p:
        all_hosts.extend(p.get('hostnames', p.get('subdomains', [])))
    domains_sub = ', '.join(all_hosts)

    ip, mtime = _read_cached_ip()
    last_obtained = f'Obtained: {_relative_time(mtime)}' if mtime else ''
    if ip:
        return ip, domains_sub, '-', last_obtained
    return 'Offline', domains_sub, '-', ''

def _ddns_last_checked():
    try:
        mtime = os.path.getmtime(f'{CONFIGS_DIR}/.ddns-last-service')
        return f'Last checked: {_relative_time(mtime)}'
    except OSError:
        return 'Last checked: ---'

def _vpn_info():
    for vlan in _load_config().get('vlans', []):
        if 'vpn_information' in vlan:
            return vlan['vpn_information']
    return {}


# Token collection ==================================================

def collect_tokens():
    tokens = {}
    cfg = _load_config()
    net         = cfg.get('network_interfaces', {})
    dns_blk_gen = cfg.get('dns_blocking', {}).get('general', {})
    dns  = cfg.get('upstream_dns', {})
    vlans = cfg.get('vlans', [])
    tokens['GENERAL_WAN_INTERFACE']       = str(net.get('wan_interface', '-'))
    tokens['GENERAL_LAN_INTERFACE']       = str(net.get('lan_interface', '-'))
    tokens['GENERAL_WAN_STATUS']          = _iface_status(net.get('wan_interface', ''))
    tokens['GENERAL_LAN_STATUS']          = _iface_status(net.get('lan_interface', ''))
    tokens['GENERAL_LOG_MAX_KB']          = str(dns_blk_gen.get('log_max_kb', '-'))

    sys_ifaces = _get_system_interfaces()
    # Always include currently-configured values so dropdowns are never blank.
    for configured in [net.get('wan_interface', ''), net.get('lan_interface', '')]:
        if configured and configured not in sys_ifaces:
            sys_ifaces.append(configured)
    sys_ifaces.sort()
    tokens['NETWORK_INTERFACE_OPTIONS'] = json.dumps(
        [{'value': i, 'label': i} for i in sys_ifaces]
    )
    tokens['NETWORK_INTERFACE_STATUS_OPTIONS'] = json.dumps(
        [{'value': i, 'label': f'{i} - {_iface_status(i).title()}'} for i in sys_ifaces]
    )
    iface_data = [_iface_info(i) for i in sys_ifaces]
    tokens['NETWORK_INTERFACE_DATA_JSON'] = json.dumps(iface_data)
    max_speed_len = max(
        (len(str(d.get('speed') or '')) for d in iface_data),
        default=len('Speed')
    )
    tokens['NETWORK_INTERFACE_STATS_SPEED_PAD'] = str(max(max_speed_len, len('Speed')))

    tokens['GENERAL_LOG_ERRORS_ONLY']    = 'true' if dns_blk_gen.get('log_errors_only') else 'false'
    tokens['GENERAL_DAILY_EXECUTE_TIME'] = str(dns_blk_gen.get('daily_execute_time_24hr_local', '-'))
    tokens['GENERAL_APPLY_ON_SAVE']       = 'true' if session.get('apply_changes_immediately', False) else 'false'

    pending_items = get_dashboard_pending()
    if pending_items:
        # Group by command; each group = one row in the Pending Actions table.
        from collections import defaultdict
        groups = defaultdict(list)
        for _uuid, _ts, cmd, user in pending_items:
            groups[cmd].append((_uuid, user))
        rows = ''
        for cmd, entries in groups.items():
            users = ', '.join(sorted({u for _, u in entries if u and u != 'unknown'}))
            required_by = ', '.join(_uuid for _uuid, _ in entries)
            rows += (f'<tr>'
                     f'<td class="table-cell">{e(cmd)}</td>'
                     f'<td class="table-cell">{e(users)}</td>'
                     f'<td class="table-cell">{e(required_by)}</td>'
                     f'</tr>')
        pending_html = (
            '<table class="data-table">'
            '<thead><tr>'
            '<th class="table-header">Command</th>'
            '<th class="table-header">User</th>'
            '<th class="table-header">Required By</th>'
            '</tr></thead>'
            f'<tbody>{rows}</tbody>'
            '</table>'
        )
    else:
        pending_html = '<p class="text-muted">No pending actions.</p>'
    tokens['PENDING_ACTIONS_HTML'] = pending_html
    tokens['NO_PENDING'] = 'true' if not pending_items else ''

    done_items = get_dashboard_done()
    if done_items:
        hist_rows = ''
        _hist_onclick = (
            'onclick="if(event.target.type!==\'checkbox\')'
            'this.nextElementSibling.hidden=!this.nextElementSibling.hidden"'
        )
        for _uuid, applied_ts in done_items:
            snap     = load_snapshot_for_uuid(_uuid)
            if applied_ts:
                dt_str = datetime.fromtimestamp(applied_ts).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
            else:
                dt_str = '-'
            snap_desc  = e(snap['description']) if snap else ''
            before_val = snap.get('before') if snap else None
            after_val  = snap.get('after')  if snap else None
            snap_id    = e(_uuid[:8]) if snap else ''
            snap_user  = e(snap['user']) if snap else ''
            hist_rows += (f'<tr class="row-expandable" {_hist_onclick}>'
                          f'<td class="table-cell"><input type="checkbox" name="selected_uuids" value="{e(_uuid)}"/></td>'
                          f'<td class="table-cell">{e(dt_str)}</td>'
                          f'<td class="table-cell">{snap_desc}</td>'
                          f'<td class="table-cell">{_render_snap_val(before_val)}</td>'
                          f'<td class="table-cell">{_render_snap_val(after_val)}</td>'
                          f'<td class="table-cell">{snap_id}</td>'
                          f'<td class="table-cell">{snap_user}</td>'
                          f'</tr>'
                          f'{_snap_expand_row(before_val, after_val, 7)}')
        select_all = (
            '<input type="checkbox" '
            'onchange="document.querySelectorAll(\'[name=selected_uuids]\').forEach(c=>c.checked=this.checked)"/>'
        )
        history_html = (
            '<table class="data-table">'
            '<thead><tr>'
            f'<th class="table-header">{select_all}</th>'
            '<th class="table-header">Applied</th>'
            '<th class="table-header">Description</th>'
            '<th class="table-header">Before</th>'
            '<th class="table-header">After</th>'
            '<th class="table-header">Snapshot</th>'
            '<th class="table-header">User</th>'
            '</tr></thead>'
            f'<tbody>{hist_rows}</tbody>'
            '</table>'
        )
    else:
        history_html = '<p class="text-muted">No change history.</p>'
    tokens['CHANGE_HISTORY_HTML'] = history_html
    tokens['NO_HISTORY'] = 'true' if not done_items else ''

    servers = dns.get('upstream_servers', [])
    tokens['DNS_STRICT_ORDER']        = 'true' if dns.get('strict_order') else 'false'
    tokens['DNS_CACHE_SIZE']          = str(dns.get('cache_size', '-'))
    tokens['DNS_UPSTREAM_SERVERS_JSON'] = json.dumps(servers)
    tokens['OVERVIEW_UPSTREAM_SERVERS'] = ', '.join(servers) or '-'

    non_vpn_vlans = [v for v in vlans if not v.get('is_vpn')]
    vlan_names = [v.get('name', '') for v in vlans]
    tokens['OVERVIEW_VLAN_NAMES'] = ', '.join(vlan_names) or '-'
    tokens['STAT_VLAN_COUNT']     = str(len(non_vpn_vlans))
    tokens['STAT_LEASE_COUNT']    = str(len(_live_dhcp_leases()))

    filter_opts = '<option value="all">All VLANs</option>' + ''.join(
        f'<option value="{e(n)}">{e(n)}</option>' for n in vlan_names
    )
    tokens['VLAN_FILTER_OPTIONS']    = filter_opts
    tokens['VLAN_NAMES_AS_OPTIONS']  = json.dumps([{'value': n, 'label': n} for n in vlan_names])

    tokens['VPN_VLAN_COUNT']        = str(sum(1 for v in vlans if v.get('is_vpn')))
    tokens['EXISTING_VLAN_IDS_JSON']        = json.dumps([validate.derive_vlan_id(v.get('subnet', ''), v.get('subnet_mask', 24)) for v in vlans])
    tokens['EXISTING_VLAN_NAMES_JSON']      = json.dumps([v.get('name', '') for v in vlans])
    tokens['EXISTING_VLAN_INTERFACES_JSON'] = json.dumps([_resolve_iface(v, cfg) for v in vlans])
    tokens['STAT_BANNED_IP_COUNT']  = str(sum(1 for b in cfg.get('banned_ips',  []) if b.get('enabled', True)))
    tokens['STAT_BLOCKLIST_COUNT']  = str(len(cfg.get('dns_blocking', {}).get('blocklists', [])))
    tokens['BLOCKLIST_STATS_HTML']  = _blocklist_stats_html(cfg)

    ddns = _load_ddns()
    ddns_gen = ddns.get('general', {})
    tokens['DDNS_TIMER_INTERVAL']      = ddns_gen.get('timer_interval', '-')
    _interval_secs = _parse_interval_to_seconds(ddns_gen.get('timer_interval', '')) or 600
    tokens['DDNS_TIMER_INTERVAL_MINS'] = str(_interval_secs // 60)
    tokens['DDNS_GEN_LOG_MAX_KB']      = str(ddns_gen.get('log_max_kb', 1024))
    tokens['DDNS_GEN_LOG_ERRORS_ONLY'] = 'true' if ddns_gen.get('log_errors_only') else 'false'
    enabled_p = [p for p in ddns.get('providers', []) if p.get('enabled', True)]
    tokens['STAT_DDNS_PROVIDER_COUNT'] = str(len(enabled_p))
    _ip_check = ddns.get('ip_check_services', [])
    _http_svc = [s['url'] for s in _ip_check if s.get('type') == 'http']
    _dig_svc  = [s['url'] for s in _ip_check if s.get('type') == 'dig']
    tokens['STAT_IP_CHECK_TOTAL'] = str(len(_ip_check))
    tokens['STAT_IP_CHECK_SUB']   = f'{len(_http_svc)} http and {len(_dig_svc)} dig'
    tokens['IP_CHECK_HTTP_JSON']  = json.dumps(_http_svc)
    tokens['IP_CHECK_DIG_JSON']   = json.dumps(_dig_svc)
    _ddns_labels = {'noip': 'No-IP', 'cloudflare': 'Cloudflare', 'duckdns': 'DuckDNS'}
    tokens['DDNS_PROVIDER_OPTIONS'] = json.dumps([
        {'value': p, 'label': _ddns_labels.get(p, p.title())}
        for p in validate.VALID_DDNS_PROVIDERS
    ])

    wg_vlans_list = sorted(
        [v for v in vlans if v.get('is_vpn')],
        key=lambda v: (validate.derive_vlan_id(v.get('subnet', ''), v.get('subnet_mask', 24)) is None,
                       validate.derive_vlan_id(v.get('subnet', ''), v.get('subnet_mask', 24)) or 0)
    )
    tokens['VPN_VLAN_OPTIONS'] = json.dumps([
        {'value': v.get('name', ''), 'label': f'wg{i} (VLAN {validate.derive_vlan_id(v.get("subnet", ""), v.get("subnet_mask", 24)) or "?"})'}
        for i, v in enumerate(wg_vlans_list)
    ])
    wg_vlan  = wg_vlans_list[0] if wg_vlans_list else {}
    vpn      = wg_vlan.get('vpn_information', {})
    overrides = vpn.get('explicit_overrides', {})
    tokens['VPN_LISTEN_PORT']     = str(vpn.get('listen_port', ''))
    tokens['VPN_SERVER_ENDPOINT'] = str(vpn.get('server_endpoint', ''))
    tokens['VPN_DOMAIN']          = str(vpn.get('domain', ''))
    tokens['VPN_DNS_SERVER']      = str(overrides.get('dns_server', ''))
    tokens['VPN_MTU']             = str(overrides.get('mtu', ''))
    # Compute gateway from server_identities (lowest last-octet), fallback to first subnet host
    try:
        import ipaddress as _ipaddress
        ident_ips = [s['ip'] for s in wg_vlan.get('server_identities', []) if s.get('ip')]
        if ident_ips:
            default_gw = str(min((_ipaddress.IPv4Address(ip) for ip in ident_ips),
                                 key=lambda x: x.packed[-1]))
        else:
            wg_net     = _ipaddress.IPv4Network(
                f"{wg_vlan['subnet']}/{wg_vlan['subnet_mask']}", strict=False)
            default_gw = str(next(wg_net.hosts()))
        tokens['VPN_GATEWAY'] = overrides.get('gateway') or default_gw
    except Exception:
        tokens['VPN_GATEWAY'] = ''

    ip_str, sub_str, next_interval, last_obtained = _public_ip_info(ddns)
    tokens['STAT_PUBLIC_IP']               = ip_str
    tokens['STAT_DDNS_HOSTNAME']           = sub_str
    tokens['STAT_DDNS_NEXT_INTERVAL']      = next_interval
    tokens['STAT_PUBLIC_IP_LAST_OBTAINED'] = last_obtained
    tokens['STAT_PUBLIC_IP_LAST_CHECKED']  = _ddns_last_checked()
    tokens['DDNS_LOG_TAIL'], tokens['DDNS_LOG_SUMMARY'] = _ddns_log_tail()
    tokens['STAT_UPTIME']         = _run('uptime -p') or '-'
    tokens['STAT_NFTABLES_STATUS'] = 'Active' if _run('nft list tables 2>/dev/null').strip() else 'Inactive'

    dns_stats = _get_dnsmasq_stats()
    tokens['DNS_STAT_QUERIES']   = dns_stats['queries']
    tokens['DNS_STAT_HITS']      = dns_stats['hits']
    tokens['DNS_STAT_HIT_RATE']  = dns_stats['hit_rate']
    tokens['DNS_STAT_FORWARDED'] = dns_stats['forwarded']
    tokens['DNS_STAT_AUTH']      = dns_stats['auth']
    tokens['DNS_STAT_TCP_PEAK']  = dns_stats['tcp_peak']

    tokens['STAT_BLOCKED_TODAY']   = _count_blocked_today()
    tokens['STAT_BLOCKED_DOMAINS'] = _count_blocked_domains()
    tokens['STAT_BL_LAST_UPDATE']  = _bl_last_update()

    tokens['PREF_EMAIL']    = session.get('email_address', '')
    tokens['PREF_TIMEZONE'] = session.get('timezone', '')

    blank = [{'value': '', 'label': '-- Select timezone --'}]
    tokens['TIMEZONE_OPTIONS'] = json.dumps(
        blank + [{'value': tz, 'label': tz} for tz in sanitize.VALID_TIMEZONES]
    )

    tokens['PROTOCOL_OPTIONS'] = json.dumps([
        {'value': 'tcp',  'label': 'TCP'},
        {'value': 'udp',  'label': 'UDP'},
        {'value': 'both', 'label': 'TCP/UDP'},
    ])

    tokens['BLOCKLIST_FORMAT_OPTIONS'] = json.dumps([
        {'value': 'hosts',   'label': 'hosts (hosts file format)'},
        {'value': 'dnsmasq', 'label': 'dnsmasq (local=/ syntax)'},
    ])

    tokens['BLOCKLIST_NAME_OPTIONS'] = json.dumps([
        {'value': bl.get('name', ''), 'label': bl.get('description', bl.get('name', ''))}
        for bl in cfg.get('dns_blocking', {}).get('blocklists', [])
    ])

    tokens['ACCOUNT_LEVEL_OPTIONS'] = json.dumps([
        {'value': 'viewer',        'label': 'Viewer (read-only access to live data)'},
        {'value': 'administrator', 'label': 'Administrator (can modify configuration)'},
        {'value': 'manager',       'label': 'Manager (full access including account management)'},
    ])

    return tokens


# HTML helpers ======================================================

def e(text):
    return html_mod.escape(str(text))


def _snap_text(val):
    """Return the plain-text representation of a snapshot before/after value."""
    if val is None:
        return ''
    if isinstance(val, dict) and len(val) == 1:
        k, v = next(iter(val.items()))
        return f'{k}: {v}'
    if isinstance(val, (dict, list)):
        return json.dumps(val, separators=(',', ':'))
    return str(val)


def _render_snap_val(val):
    """Return truncated escaped HTML for a snapshot before/after table cell."""
    text = _snap_text(val)
    if not text:
        return ''
    trunc = (text[:23] + '…') if len(text) > 24 else text
    return e(trunc)


def _snap_expand_row(before_val, after_val, colspan):
    """Return a hidden <tr> that expands with full before/after content."""
    def box(label, val):
        text = _snap_text(val) if val is not None else ''
        if isinstance(val, (dict, list)):
            text = json.dumps(val, indent=2)
        body = e(text) if text else '<em class="snap-expand-none">(none)</em>'
        return (f'<div class="snap-expand-col">'
                f'<span class="snap-expand-label">{label}</span>'
                f'<pre class="snap-expand-pre">{body}</pre></div>')
    inner = f'<div class="snap-expand-cols">{box("Before", before_val)}{box("After", after_val)}</div>'
    return f'<tr hidden><td colspan="{colspan}" class="snap-expand-cell">{inner}</td></tr>'


def apply_tokens(text, tokens):
    """Substitute %TOKEN% placeholders. Values are NOT auto-escaped - callers
    that use results in HTML attribute or text context should call e() around
    the expanded value (or around individual fields) as appropriate."""
    return re.sub(r'%([A-Z_]+)%', lambda m: str(tokens.get(m.group(1), m.group(0))), text)


def _expand_fields(obj, tokens):
    """Recursively apply token substitution to a field-definition object.
    String values that resolve to a JSON array or object are parsed back into
    Python structures so they serialize correctly into data-fields JSON."""
    if isinstance(obj, list):
        return [_expand_fields(item, tokens) for item in obj]
    if isinstance(obj, dict):
        out = {}
        for k, v in obj.items():
            if isinstance(v, str):
                s = apply_tokens(v, tokens)
                if s != v and s[:1] in ('[', '{'):
                    try:
                        out[k] = json.loads(s)
                        continue
                    except Exception:
                        pass
                out[k] = s
            else:
                out[k] = _expand_fields(v, tokens)
        return out
    return obj


# Content item renderers ============================================

def render_items(items, tokens, inherited_req=None):
    level = _client_level()
    parts = []
    for item in items:
        req = item.get('client_requirement', inherited_req)
        if not _passes(req, level):
            continue
        parts.append(_render_item(item, tokens, req))
    return ''.join(parts)

def _render_item(item, tokens, inherited_req=None):
    t   = item.get('type', '')
    req = item.get('client_requirement', inherited_req)

    if t == 'h1':
        return f'<h1>{e(apply_tokens(item.get("text", ""), tokens))}</h1>'

    if t == 'hr':
        return '<hr class="divider"/>'

    if t == 'p':
        text = e(apply_tokens(item.get('text', ''), tokens))
        link = item.get('link')
        if link:
            href  = e(apply_tokens(link.get('action', '#'), tokens))
            ltext = e(apply_tokens(link.get('text', ''), tokens))
            return f'<p>{text} <a href="{href}" class="auth-link">{ltext}</a></p>'
        return f'<p>{text}</p>'

    if t == 'spacer':
        return '<div class="spacer"></div>'


    if t in ('button_primary', 'button_secondary', 'button_danger', 'button_ghost'):
        cls_map = {
            'button_primary':   'btn-primary',
            'button_secondary': 'btn-secondary',
            'button_danger':    'btn-danger',
            'button_ghost':     'btn-ghost',
        }
        cls = cls_map[t]
        extra = item.get('class', '')
        if extra:
            cls = f'{cls} {extra}'
        text      = e(apply_tokens(item.get('text', ''), tokens))
        action_raw = item.get('action', '')
        action    = e(apply_tokens(action_raw, tokens))
        disabled_val = apply_tokens(str(item.get('disabled', '')), tokens)
        disabled  = ' disabled' if disabled_val and disabled_val not in ('false', '0') else ''
        formaction = item.get('formaction', '')
        if formaction:
            formaction = e(apply_tokens(formaction, tokens))
            return f'<button type="submit" class="btn {e(cls)}" formaction="{formaction}"{disabled}>{text}</button>'
        if item.get('method', '').lower() == 'post':
            return (f'<form method="post" action="{action}" class="form-inline">'
                    f'<button type="submit" class="btn {e(cls)}"{disabled}>{text}</button></form>')
        if action_raw:
            return f'<a href="{action}" class="btn {e(cls)}">{text}</a>'
        return f'<button type="submit" class="btn {e(cls)}"{disabled}>{text}</button>'

    if t == 'button_cancel':
        text       = e(apply_tokens(item.get('text', 'Cancel'), tokens))
        extra_cls  = (' ' + item['class']) if item.get('class') else ''
        return f'<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-cancel{extra_cls}" disabled>{text}</button>'

    if t == 'page_header':
        return f'<div class="page-header">{render_items(item.get("items", []), tokens, req)}</div>'

    if t in ('section', 'auth_wrapper'):
        tag = 'div'
        cls = 'auth-wrapper' if t == 'auth_wrapper' else 'section'
        return f'<{tag} class="{cls}">{render_items(item.get("items", []), tokens, req)}</{tag}>'

    if t == 'auth_card':
        return f'<div class="auth-card">{render_items(item.get("items", []), tokens, req)}</div>'

    if t == 'stat_card_grid':
        return f'<div class="stat-card-grid">{render_items(item.get("items", []), tokens, req)}</div>'

    if t == 'stat_card':
        label       = e(apply_tokens(item.get('label', ''), tokens))
        raw_value   = apply_tokens(item.get('value', ''), tokens)
        value       = e(raw_value)
        sub         = e(apply_tokens(item.get('sub', ''), tokens))
        variant     = item.get('variant', '')
        cls         = f'stat-card{(" stat-card-" + variant) if variant else ""}'
        edit_action    = item.get('edit_action', '')
        edit_field     = item.get('edit_field', '')
        edit_input_type = item.get('edit_input_type', 'text')
        edit_suffix    = item.get('edit_suffix', '')
        edit_min       = item.get('edit_min', '')
        edit_raw       = apply_tokens(item.get('edit_value', item.get('value', '')), tokens)
        reveal_card_id = item.get('reveal_card_id', '')
        if reveal_card_id:
            return (
                f'<div class="{cls}">'
                f'<div class="stat-card-label">{label}</div>'
                f'<div class="stat-card-value-row">'
                f'<span class="stat-card-value">{value}</span>'
                f'<button type="button" class="btn btn-ghost btn-sm"'
                f' data-reveal-card="{e(reveal_card_id)}">Edit</button>'
                f'</div>'
                f'<div class="stat-card-sub">{sub}</div>'
                f'</div>'
            )
        if edit_action and edit_field:
            min_attr    = f' min="{e(edit_min)}"' if edit_min else ''
            suffix_html = f'<span>{e(edit_suffix)}</span>' if edit_suffix else ''
            input_wrap  = (f'<div class="stat-card-value-row">'
                           f'<input type="{e(edit_input_type)}" name="{e(edit_field)}" value="{e(edit_raw)}"'
                           f' data-original="{e(edit_raw)}" class="form-input stat-card-edit-input"{min_attr}/>'
                           f'{suffix_html}</div>')
            return (
                f'<div class="{cls} stat-card-editable">'
                f'<div class="stat-card-label">{label}</div>'
                f'<div class="stat-card-view">'
                f'<span class="stat-card-value">{value}</span>'
                f'<button type="button" class="btn btn-ghost btn-sm stat-card-edit-btn">Edit</button>'
                f'</div>'
                f'<form class="stat-card-edit-form hidden" action="{e(edit_action)}" method="post">'
                f'<input type="hidden" name="config_hash" value="{e(config_hash())}"/>'
                f'{input_wrap}'
                f'<div class="stat-card-edit-actions">'
                f'<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" disabled>Save</button>'
                f'<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm stat-card-cancel-btn">Cancel</button>'
                f'</div>'
                f'</form>'
                f'<div class="stat-card-sub">{sub}</div>'
                f'</div>'
            )
        return (f'<div class="{cls}">'
                f'<div class="stat-card-label">{label}</div>'
                f'<div class="stat-card-value">{value}</div>'
                f'<div class="stat-card-sub">{sub}</div>'
                f'</div>')

    if t == 'card':
        label   = item.get('label', '')
        id_attr = f' id="{e(item["id"])}"' if item.get('id') else ''
        cls_hidden = ' hidden' if item.get('hidden') else ''
        header  = f'<div class="card-header"><h2 class="card-title">{e(label)}</h2></div>' if label else ''
        body    = render_items(item.get('items', []), tokens, req)
        return f'<div class="card{cls_hidden}"{id_attr}>{header}<div class="card-body">{body}</div></div>'

    if t == 'field_status':
        label = e(item.get('label', ''))
        raw   = apply_tokens(item.get('value', ''), tokens).upper()
        badge_map = {
            'UP':      ('badge-enabled', 'Up'),
            'DOWN':    ('badge-warning', 'Down'),
            'INVALID': ('badge-danger',  'Invalid'),
        }
        badge_cls, badge_text = badge_map.get(raw, ('badge-disabled', raw.title() or 'Unknown'))
        return (f'<div class="form-group">'
                f'<label class="form-label">{label}</label>'
                f'<div class="field-status-badge"><span class="badge {badge_cls}">{badge_text}</span></div>'
                f'</div>')

    if t == 'info_bar':
        variant = item.get('variant', 'info')
        text    = e(apply_tokens(item.get('text', ''), tokens))
        return f'<div class="info-bar info-bar-{e(variant)}">{text}</div>'

    if t == 'pre_block':
        text  = e(apply_tokens(item.get('text', ''), tokens))
        extra = ' data-scroll-bottom' if item.get('scroll_to_bottom') else ''
        return f'<pre class="pre-block"{extra}>{text}</pre>'

    if t == 'credential_fields':
        psel = e(item.get('provider_select', 'provider'))
        return (
            f'<div class="credential-fields" data-provider-select="{psel}">'
            f'<div class="cred-group-token hidden">'
            f'<div class="form-group"><label class="form-label">API Token</label>'
            f'<input type="text" name="api_token" class="form-input"/></div>'
            f'</div>'
            f'<div class="cred-group-noip hidden">'
            f'<div class="form-group"><label class="form-label">Username</label>'
            f'<input type="text" name="username" class="form-input"/></div>'
            f'<div class="form-group"><label class="form-label">Password</label>'
            f'<input type="password" name="password" class="form-input"/></div>'
            f'</div>'
            f'</div>'
        )

    if t == 'grid':
        rows_html = ''
        for row in item.get('rows', []):
            cells = ''.join(_render_item(c, tokens, req) for c in row.get('cells', []))
            rows_html += f'<div class="info-grid-row">{cells}</div>'
        return f'<div class="info-grid">{rows_html}</div>'

    if t == 'grid_label':
        return f'<div class="info-grid-label">{e(apply_tokens(item.get("text", ""), tokens))}</div>'

    if t == 'grid_value':
        return f'<div class="info-grid-value">{e(apply_tokens(item.get("text", ""), tokens))}</div>'

    if t == 'form':
        action     = e(apply_tokens(item.get('action', ''), tokens))
        method     = e(item.get('method', 'post'))
        inner      = render_items(item.get('items', []), tokens, req)
        hash_field = f'<input type="hidden" name="config_hash" value="{e(config_hash())}"/>'
        originals  = _collect_form_originals(item.get('items', []), tokens)
        orig_field = (f'<input type="hidden" name="original_values" value="{e(json.dumps(originals))}"/>'
                      if originals else '')
        return f'<form action="{action}" method="{method}">{hash_field}{orig_field}{inner}</form>'

    if t == 'hidden':
        name  = e(item.get('name', ''))
        value = e(apply_tokens(item.get('value', ''), tokens))
        return f'<input type="hidden" name="{name}" value="{value}"/>'

    if t == 'field':
        return _render_field(item, tokens)

    if t == 'field_row':
        inner = render_items(item.get('items', []), tokens, req)
        cols  = item.get('cols', 2)
        return f'<div class="form-row-{cols}">{inner}</div>'

    if t == 'subnet_row':
        subnet_name  = e(item.get('subnet_name', 'subnet'))
        prefix_name  = e(item.get('prefix_name', 'subnet_mask'))
        subnet_val   = apply_tokens(item.get('subnet_value', ''), tokens)
        prefix_raw   = apply_tokens(item.get('prefix_value', '24'), tokens)
        subnet_ph    = e(apply_tokens(item.get('subnet_placeholder', ''), tokens))
        show_derived = item.get('show_derived_vlan_id', False)
        try:
            pf = max(1, min(30, int(prefix_raw)))
        except (ValueError, TypeError):
            pf = 24
        dotted = _prefix_to_dotted(pf)

        return (
            f'<div class="form-group">'
            f'<label class="form-label">Subnet</label>'
            f'<div class="subnet-row-wrap">'
            f'<input type="text" name="{subnet_name}" value="{e(subnet_val)}" placeholder="{subnet_ph}" class="form-input"/>'
            f'<span class="subnet-sep">/</span>'
            f'<input type="number" name="{prefix_name}" value="{pf}" min="1" max="30" class="form-input subnet-prefix-input"/>'
            f'<span class="subnet-dotted">{e(dotted)}</span>'
            f'</div>'
            f'<p class="form-hint field-dyn-hint hidden"></p>'
            f'</div>'
        )

    if t == 'editable_list':
        return _render_editable_list(item, tokens)

    if t == 'select':
        name       = e(item.get('name', ''))
        options    = apply_tokens(item.get('options', ''), tokens)
        filter_col = item.get('filter_col', '')
        extra      = f' data-filter-col="{e(filter_col)}"' if filter_col else ''
        return f'<select name="{name}" class="form-select"{extra}>{options}</select>'

    if t == 'spacer':
        return '<span style="margin-left:auto"></span>'

    if t == 'button_row':
        justify    = item.get('justify', '')
        style_attr = f' style="justify-content:{e(justify)}"' if justify else ''
        inner = render_items(item.get('items', []), tokens, req)
        return f'<div class="button-row"{style_attr}>{inner}</div>'

    if t == 'table':
        return _render_table(item, tokens, req)

    if t == 'raw_html':
        return Markup(apply_tokens(item.get('html', ''), tokens))

    return ''


def _render_field(item, tokens):
    label      = e(item.get('label', ''))
    name       = e(item.get('name', ''))
    input_type = item.get('input_type', 'text')
    value      = apply_tokens(item.get('value', ''), tokens)
    placeholder = e(apply_tokens(item.get('placeholder', ''), tokens))
    hint        = e(apply_tokens(item.get('hint', ''), tokens))
    hint_html   = f'<p class="form-hint">{hint}</p>' if hint else ''
    extra_cls   = f' {e(item["class"])}' if item.get('class') else ''
    readonly    = ' readonly' if item.get('readonly') else ''

    if input_type == 'hidden':
        return f'<input type="hidden" name="{name}" value="{e(value)}"/>'

    if input_type == 'checkbox':
        checked  = 'checked' if value.lower() in ('true', '1', 'yes') else ''
        cb_label = item.get('checkbox_label')
        if cb_label:
            label_html = f'<label class="form-label">{label}</label>' if label else ''
            return (f'<div class="form-group">'
                    f'{label_html}'
                    f'<label class="form-checkbox-row">'
                    f'<input type="checkbox" name="{name}" {checked} class="form-checkbox"/>'
                    f' <span class="form-checkbox-label">{e(cb_label)}</span>'
                    f'</label>{hint_html}</div>')
        return (f'<div class="form-group">'
                f'<label class="form-label">'
                f'<input type="checkbox" name="{name}" {checked} class="form-checkbox"/> {label}'
                f'</label>{hint_html}</div>')

    if input_type == 'checkbox_group':
        try:
            opts     = json.loads(apply_tokens(item.get('options', '[]'), tokens))
            selected = json.loads(value) if value else []
        except Exception:
            opts, selected = [], []
        boxes = ''.join(
            f'<label class="checkbox-group-item">'
            f'<input type="checkbox" name="{name}" value="{e(o.get("value",""))}"'
            f'{"checked" if o.get("value") in selected else ""}/> {e(o.get("label",""))}'
            f'</label>'
            for o in opts
        )
        return (f'<div class="form-group"><label class="form-label">{label}</label>'
                f'<div class="checkbox-group">{boxes}</div>{hint_html}</div>')

    if input_type == 'select':
        options = item.get('options', [])
        if isinstance(options, str):
            try:
                options = json.loads(apply_tokens(options, tokens))
            except Exception:
                options = []
        current = apply_tokens(item.get('value', ''), tokens)
        opts_html = ''.join(
            f'<option value="{e(o["value"])}"{" selected" if o["value"] == current else ""}>{e(o["label"])}</option>'
            for o in options
        )
        return (f'<div class="form-group"><label class="form-label">{label}</label>'
                f'<select name="{name}" class="form-select{extra_cls}">{opts_html}</select>'
                f'{hint_html}</div>')

    if input_type == 'number':
        min_attr = f' min="{item["min"]}"' if 'min' in item else ''
        max_attr = f' max="{item["max"]}"' if 'max' in item else ''
        dyn_hint_html = '<p class="form-hint field-dyn-hint hidden"></p>'
        inp = (f'<input type="number" name="{name}" value="{e(value)}"{min_attr}{max_attr}'
               f' class="form-input{extra_cls}"{readonly}'
               f' data-validate="positive_int" />')
        if item.get('layout') == 'inline':
            return (f'<div class="form-group" style="display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.75em">'
                    f'<label class="form-label" style="margin:0;white-space:nowrap">{label}</label>'
                    f'<div style="width:6rem">{inp}{dyn_hint_html}</div>'
                    f'{hint_html}</div>')
        return (f'<div class="form-group"><label class="form-label">{label}</label>'
                f'{inp}{dyn_hint_html}{hint_html}</div>')

    if input_type == 'textarea':
        rows = item.get('rows', 4)
        return (f'<div class="form-group"><label class="form-label">{label}</label>'
                f'<textarea name="{name}" rows="{rows}" placeholder="{placeholder}"'
                f' class="form-input">{e(value)}</textarea>'
                f'{hint_html}</div>')

    if input_type == 'interface_picker':
        current  = apply_tokens(item.get('value', ''), tokens)
        try:
            ifaces = json.loads(apply_tokens(item.get('data', '[]'), tokens))
        except Exception:
            ifaces = []
        state_map = {
            'UP':      ('badge-enabled', 'Up'),
            'DOWN':    ('badge-warning', 'Down'),
            'INVALID': ('badge-danger',  'Invalid'),
        }
        rows_html = ''
        cur_sc, cur_st = 'badge-disabled', ''
        cur_speed = cur_mtu = cur_mac = cur_perm_mac = cur_min_mtu = cur_max_mtu = None
        try:
            speed_pad = int(tokens.get('NETWORK_INTERFACE_STATS_SPEED_PAD', '0'))
        except Exception:
            speed_pad = 0
        def _pad_speed(val):
            s = val or '-'
            return '&nbsp;' * max(0, speed_pad - len(s)) + e(s)
        for ifc in ifaces:
            iname    = ifc.get('name', '')
            wireless = ifc.get('wireless', False)
            state    = ifc.get('state', 'UNKNOWN')
            carrier  = ifc.get('carrier')
            raw_speed = ifc.get('speed')
            raw_mtu   = ifc.get('mtu')
            raw_mac   = ifc.get('mac')
            speed    = raw_speed or '-'
            mtu      = raw_mtu or '-'
            mac      = raw_mac or '-'
            sc, st   = state_map.get(state, ('badge-disabled', state.title()))
            type_txt = 'Wireless' if wireless else 'Wired'
            if wireless:
                carrier_txt = '-'
            else:
                carrier_txt = 'Yes' if carrier else ('No' if carrier is False else '-')
            sel_cls  = ' selected' if iname == current else ''
            if iname == current:
                cur_sc, cur_st = sc, st
                cur_speed, cur_mtu, cur_mac = raw_speed, raw_mtu, raw_mac
                cur_perm_mac = ifc.get('perm_mac')
                cur_min_mtu  = ifc.get('min_mtu')
                cur_max_mtu  = ifc.get('max_mtu')
            padded_speed = _pad_speed(raw_speed)
            padded_mtu   = '&nbsp;' * max(0, 4 - len(raw_mtu or '-')) + e(raw_mtu or '-')
            rows_html += (f'<tr class="iface-picker-row{sel_cls}" data-iface="{e(iname)}"'
                          f' data-state-class="{e(sc)}" data-state-label="{e(st)}"'
                          f' data-speed="{padded_speed}" data-mtu="{padded_mtu}"'
                          f' data-mac="{e(raw_mac or "")}">'
                          f'<td class="col-mono">{e(iname)}</td>'
                          f'<td>{e(type_txt)}</td>'
                          f'<td><span class="badge {sc}">{st}</span></td>'
                          f'<td>{e(carrier_txt)}</td>'
                          f'<td>{e(speed)}</td>'
                          f'<td>{e(mtu)}</td>'
                          f'<td class="col-mono">{e(mac)}</td>'
                          f'</tr>')
        table_html = (f'<div class="table-wrapper">'
                      f'<table class="data-table iface-picker-table">'
                      f'<thead><tr><th>Interface</th><th>Type</th><th>State</th>'
                      f'<th>Carrier</th><th>Speed</th><th>MTU</th><th>MAC</th></tr></thead>'
                      f'<tbody>{rows_html}</tbody>'
                      f'</table></div>')
        btn_label = f'<span class="iface-picker-name">{e(current) or "Select..."}</span>'
        btn_badge = (f'<span class="badge {cur_sc} iface-picker-badge">{e(cur_st)}</span>'
                     if current else '')
        if current and any([cur_speed, cur_mtu, cur_mac]):
            ext_meta = (f'<table class="iface-picker-stats">'
                        f'<thead><tr><th>Speed</th><th>MTU</th><th>MAC</th></tr></thead>'
                        f'<tbody><tr>'
                        f'<td>{_pad_speed(cur_speed)}</td>'
                        f'<td>{"&nbsp;" * max(0, 4 - len(cur_mtu or "-"))}{e(cur_mtu or "-")}</td>'
                        f'<td class="col-mono">{e(cur_mac or "-")}</td>'
                        f'</tr></tbody>'
                        f'</table>')
        else:
            ext_meta = ''
        configure_btn = (
            f'<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary iface-configure-btn"'
            f' data-iface="{e(current)}" data-mtu="{e(cur_mtu or "")}"'
            f' data-mac="{e(cur_mac or "")}" data-perm-mac="{e(cur_perm_mac or "")}"'
            f' data-min-mtu="{cur_min_mtu if cur_min_mtu is not None else ""}"'
            f' data-max-mtu="{cur_max_mtu if cur_max_mtu is not None else ""}">'
            f'Configure</button>'
        ) if current else ''
        return (f'<div class="form-group">'
                f'<label class="form-label">{label}</label>'
                f'<div class="iface-picker">'
                f'<input type="hidden" name="{name}" value="{e(current)}"/>'
                f'<div class="iface-picker-header">'
                f'<button type="button" class="iface-picker-btn">{btn_label}{btn_badge}</button>'
                f'{ext_meta}'
                f'{configure_btn}'
                f'</div>'
                f'<div class="iface-picker-dropdown">{table_html}</div>'
                f'</div>'
                f'</div>')

    validate     = item.get('validate', '')
    validate_attr = f' data-validate="{e(validate)}"' if validate else ''
    dyn_hint = '<p class="form-hint field-dyn-hint hidden"></p>' if (item.get('readonly') or item.get('dyn_hint') or validate) else ''
    return (f'<div class="form-group"><label class="form-label">{label}</label>'
            f'<input type="{e(input_type)}" name="{name}" value="{e(value)}"'
            f' placeholder="{placeholder}" class="form-input{extra_cls}"{readonly}{validate_attr}/>{hint_html}{dyn_hint}</div>')


def _collect_form_originals(items, tokens):
    """Walk form items and return {name: value} for all input fields (used for original_values)."""
    result = {}
    for item in items:
        t = item.get('type', '')
        if t == 'field':
            name       = item.get('name', '')
            input_type = item.get('input_type', 'text')
            if not name or input_type == 'hidden':
                continue
            value = apply_tokens(item.get('value', ''), tokens)
            if input_type == 'checkbox':
                result[name] = '1' if value.lower() in ('true', '1', 'yes') else '0'
            elif input_type == 'select' and not value:
                try:
                    opts = json.loads(apply_tokens(item.get('options', '[]'), tokens))
                    value = opts[0]['value'] if opts else ''
                except Exception:
                    pass
                result[name] = value
            else:
                result[name] = value
        elif t == 'editable_list':
            name = item.get('name', '')
            if not name:
                continue
            try:
                vals = json.loads(apply_tokens(item.get('items', '[]'), tokens))
                vals = [str(v) for v in vals]
            except Exception:
                vals = []
            result[name] = vals
        elif t == 'subnet_row':
            result[item.get('subnet_name', 'subnet')] = apply_tokens(item.get('subnet_value', ''), tokens)
            result[item.get('prefix_name', 'subnet_mask')] = apply_tokens(item.get('prefix_value', '24'), tokens)
        elif t == 'field_row':
            result.update(_collect_form_originals(item.get('items', []), tokens))
    return result


def _render_editable_list(item, tokens):
    label   = e(item.get('label', ''))
    name    = e(item.get('name', ''))
    ph       = e(apply_tokens(item.get('item_placeholder', ''), tokens))
    add_lbl  = e(apply_tokens(item.get('add_label', 'Add'), tokens))
    hint     = e(apply_tokens(item.get('hint', ''), tokens))
    hint_html = f'<p class="form-hint">{hint}</p>' if hint else ''
    validate = e(item.get('validate', ''))

    try:
        items_list = json.loads(apply_tokens(item.get('items', '[]'), tokens))
    except Exception:
        items_list = []

    rows = ''.join(
        f'<div class="editable-list-item">'
        f'<input type="text" name="{name}" value="{e(v)}" class="form-input"/>'
        f'<button type="button" class="btn btn-ghost btn-sm editable-list-remove">Remove</button>'
        f'</div>'
        for v in items_list
    )
    validate_attr = f' data-validate="{validate}"' if validate else ''
    return (f'<div class="form-group"><label class="form-label">{label}</label>'
            f'<div class="editable-list" data-name="{name}" data-placeholder="{ph}"{validate_attr}>'
            f'{rows}'
            f'<button type="button" class="btn btn-ghost btn-sm editable-list-add">+ {add_lbl}</button>'
            f'</div>{hint_html}</div>')


def _render_table(item, tokens, inherited_req=None):
    level     = _client_level()
    columns   = item.get('columns', [])
    rows      = _load_datasource(item.get('datasource', ''))
    empty     = e(item.get('empty_message', 'No data.'))
    row_actions = item.get('row_actions', [])
    hash_val  = config_hash()

    toolbar_html = ''
    toolbar = item.get('toolbar')
    if toolbar:
        req = toolbar.get('client_requirement', inherited_req)
        if _passes(req, level):
            t_inner = render_items(toolbar.get('items', []), tokens, req)
            toolbar_html = f'<div class="table-toolbar">{t_inner}</div>'

    thead = ''.join(
        f'<th class="{e(c["class"])}">{e(c.get("label",""))}</th>' if c.get("class") else f'<th>{e(c.get("label",""))}</th>'
        for c in columns
    )
    if row_actions:
        thead += '<th></th>'

    if not rows:
        colspan = len(columns) + (1 if row_actions else 0)
        tbody = f'<tr><td colspan="{colspan}" class="table-empty">{empty}</td></tr>'
    else:
        tbody = ''
        for idx, row in enumerate(rows):
            cells = ''
            for col in columns:
                val = row
                for part in col.get('field', '').split('.'):
                    val = val.get(part, '') if isinstance(val, dict) else ''
                col_req = col.get('client_requirement', inherited_req)
                toggle_allowed = _passes(col_req, level) if col_req else True
                cells += _render_table_cell(
                    str(val) if val != '' else '-',
                    col.get('render', ''),
                    col.get('class', ''),
                    field=col.get('field', ''),
                    row_idx=idx,
                    toggle_action=col.get('toggle_action'),
                    toggle_allowed=toggle_allowed,
                )
            if row_actions:
                btns = ''
                for ra in row_actions:
                    req = ra.get('client_requirement', inherited_req)
                    if not _passes(req, level):
                        continue
                    text   = e(ra.get('text', ''))
                    cls    = e(ra.get('class', 'btn-ghost btn-sm'))
                    action = e(apply_tokens(ra.get('action', '#'), tokens))
                    method = ra.get('method', 'post').lower()
                    if method == 'post':
                        disable_if = ra.get('disable_if')
                        if disable_if and row.get(disable_if.get('field')) == disable_if.get('value'):
                            btns += f'<button type="button" class="btn {cls}" disabled>{text}</button>'
                            continue
                        btns += (f'<form method="post" action="{action}" class="form-inline">'
                                 f'<input type="hidden" name="row_index" value="{idx}"/>'
                                 f'<input type="hidden" name="config_hash" value="{e(hash_val)}"/>'
                                 f'<button type="submit" class="btn {cls}">{text}</button></form>')
                    elif method == 'js_edit':
                        target   = e(ra.get('target', 'edit-form'))
                        row_json = e(json.dumps(row))
                        btns += (f'<button type="button" class="btn {cls} row-edit-btn"'
                                 f' data-row-index="{idx}" data-row="{row_json}"'
                                 f' data-target="{target}">{text}</button>')
                    elif method == 'inline_edit':
                        fields_json = e(json.dumps(_expand_fields(ra.get('fields', []), tokens)))
                        row_json    = e(json.dumps(row))
                        btns += (f'<button type="button" class="btn {cls} row-inline-edit-btn"'
                                 f' data-row-index="{idx}" data-row="{row_json}"'
                                 f' data-action="{action}" data-fields="{fields_json}">{text}</button>')
                    else:
                        btns += f'<a href="{action}?row_index={idx}" class="btn {cls}">{text}</a>'
                cells += f'<td class="col-actions">{btns}</td>'
            tbody += f'<tr>{cells}</tr>'

    return (f'{toolbar_html}'
            f'<div class="table-wrapper">'
            f'<table class="data-table">'
            f'<thead><tr>{thead}</tr></thead>'
            f'<tbody>{tbody}</tbody>'
            f'</table></div>')


def _render_table_cell(value, render_fn, col_class='', field='', row_idx=None,
                        toggle_action=None, toggle_allowed=True):
    parts = []
    if col_class:
        parts.append(f'class="{e(col_class)}"')
    if field:
        parts.append(f'data-field="{e(field)}"')
    td_open = f'<td {" ".join(parts)}>' if parts else '<td>'

    if not render_fn:
        return f'{td_open}{e(value)}</td>'

    if render_fn == 'badge_enabled_disabled':
        if str(value).lower() in ('true', '1', 'yes', 'enabled'):
            inner = '<span class="badge badge-enabled">Enabled</span>'
        else:
            inner = '<span class="badge badge-disabled">Disabled</span>'
        return f'{td_open}{inner}</td>'

    if render_fn == 'badge_yes_no':
        if str(value).lower() in ('true', '1', 'yes', 'enabled'):
            inner = '<span class="badge badge-enabled">Yes</span>'
        else:
            inner = '<span class="badge badge-disabled">No</span>'
        return f'{td_open}{inner}</td>'

    if render_fn == 'badge_recording_on_off':
        if str(value).lower() in ('true', '1', 'yes'):
            inner = '<span class="badge badge-enabled">Recording On</span>'
        else:
            inner = '<span class="badge badge-disabled">Recording Off</span>'
        return f'{td_open}{inner}</td>'

    if render_fn == 'badge_toggle':
        if str(value).lower() in ('true', '1', 'yes', 'enabled'):
            label = 'Enabled'; badge_cls = 'badge-enabled'
        else:
            label = 'Disabled'; badge_cls = 'badge-disabled'
        if toggle_action and row_idx is not None and toggle_allowed:
            inner = (f'<form method="post" action="{e(toggle_action)}" class="form-inline">'
                     f'<input type="hidden" name="row_index" value="{row_idx}"/>'
                     f'<button type="submit" class="btn-badge">'
                     f'<span class="badge {badge_cls}">{label}</span></button></form>')
        else:
            inner = f'<span class="badge {badge_cls}">{label}</span>'
        return f'{td_open}{inner}</td>'

    if render_fn == 'badge_active_inactive':
        badges = {'active': 'badge-enabled', 'pending': 'badge-warning'}
        cls = badges.get(value.lower(), 'badge-disabled')
        return f'{td_open}<span class="badge {cls}">{e(value.title())}</span></td>'

    if render_fn == 'raw_html':
        return f'{td_open}{value}</td>'

    if render_fn == 'tag_list':
        try:
            items = json.loads(value) if value.startswith('[') else [s.strip() for s in value.split(',')]
        except Exception:
            items = [value]
        def _tag(t):
            if isinstance(t, dict):
                s, tooltip = str(t.get('n', '')).strip(), str(t.get('d', t.get('n', ''))).strip()
            else:
                s = tooltip = str(t).strip()
            if not s:
                return ''
            short = s.split('-')[0]
            mini  = s[0]
            return (f'<span class="tag" data-tooltip="{e(tooltip)}">'
                    f'<span class="tl-full">{e(s)}</span>'
                    f'<span class="tl-short">{e(short)}</span>'
                    f'<span class="tl-min">{e(mini)}</span>'
                    f'</span>')
        tags = ''.join(_tag(t) for t in items)
        return f'{td_open}<div class="tag-list">{tags}</div></td>'

    if render_fn == 'interface_status':
        v = value.upper()
        if v == 'INVALID':
            inner = '<span class="badge badge-danger">Invalid</span>'
        elif v == 'UP':
            inner = '<span class="badge badge-enabled">Up</span>'
        elif v == 'DOWN':
            inner = '<span class="badge badge-warning">Down</span>'
        else:
            inner = f'<span class="badge badge-disabled">{e(value.title())}</span>'
        return f'{td_open}{inner}</td>'

    return f'{td_open}{e(value)}</td>'


def _load_datasource(spec):
    if spec.startswith('live:'):
        name = spec[5:]
        if name == 'dhcp_leases':   return _live_dhcp_leases()
        if name == 'vpn_sessions':  return _live_vpn_sessions()
        return []
    if spec.startswith('config:'):
        return _config_datasource(spec[7:])
    return []


# Layout renderer ===================================================

def render_layout(view_id, content_html, tokens):
    css          = _load_css()
    level        = _client_level()
    has_pending_alert = not _apply_changes_immediately() and bool(get_dashboard_pending())
    titlebar_html = f'<div class="titlebar"><span class="titlebar-brand">{WEB_APP_DISPLAY_NAME}</span></div>'
    navbar_html   = _render_navbar(view_id, level, tokens, pending_alert=has_pending_alert)
    footer_html   = f'<footer class="footer">{WEB_APP_DISPLAY_NAME}</footer>'

    page_hash           = config_hash()
    lan_iface           = e(tokens.get('GENERAL_LAN_INTERFACE', ''))
    vpn_count           = tokens.get('VPN_VLAN_COUNT', '0')
    existing_ids        = tokens.get('EXISTING_VLAN_IDS_JSON', '[]')
    existing_names      = tokens.get('EXISTING_VLAN_NAMES_JSON', '[]')
    existing_interfaces = tokens.get('EXISTING_VLAN_INTERFACES_JSON', '[]')
    current_user  = session.get('email_address', '')
    pending       = get_pending_entries()
    my_uuid       = next((u for u, t, c, usr in pending if usr == current_user), None)

    secs          = _seconds_until_next_run()
    locked        = _is_locked()
    lock_mtime    = _lock_mtime()
    other_bars = ''
    seen_other_users = set()
    for o_uuid, o_ts, o_cmd, o_user in pending:
        if o_user == current_user:
            continue
        if o_user in seen_other_users:
            continue
        seen_other_users.add(o_user)
        if locked and lock_mtime and o_ts < lock_mtime:
            text = f'{e(o_user)}\'s changes are being applied now...'
            cls  = 'info-bar-warning info-bar-running'
        else:
            timing = _format_timing(secs)
            text   = f'{e(o_user)} has pending changes which will be applied {timing}.' if timing else f'{e(o_user)} has pending changes. The processing service is not running.'
            cls    = 'info-bar-warning'
        other_bars += f'<div class="info-bar {cls}" data-apply-uuid="{e(o_uuid)}" data-apply-user="{e(o_user)}"><span>{text}</span></div>\n'

    problem_bars = ''
    try:
        import json as _j
        st = _j.load(open(f'{CONFIGS_DIR}/.health'))
        grouped = {'error': [], 'warning': []}
        for section in ('configurations', 'logs'):
            for item in st.get(section, []):
                if item.get('status') == 'problem':
                    sev  = item.get('severity', 'error')
                    text = e(item.get('detail', item.get('name', '')))
                    grouped.setdefault(sev, []).append(text)
        for item in st.get('services', []):
            if item.get('status') == 'problem':
                name  = item.get('name', '')
                utype = 'timer' if name.endswith('.timer') else 'service' if name.endswith('.service') else 'unit'
                exp_parts, act_parts = [], []
                if not item.get('active_ok'):
                    exp_parts.append(item.get('expected_active', 'active'))
                    act_parts.append(item.get('active', 'unknown'))
                if not item.get('enabled_ok'):
                    exp_parts.append(item.get('expected_enabled', 'enabled'))
                    act_parts.append(item.get('enabled', 'unknown'))
                detail = (f"The {utype} `{name}` is expected to be "
                          f"{' and '.join(exp_parts)} but is {' and '.join(act_parts)}.")
                grouped.setdefault(item.get('severity', 'error'), []).append(e(detail))
        has_problems = any(items for items in grouped.values())
        fix_suffix = ''
        if has_problems:
            fix_uuid, fix_ts = queue_command('core apply')
            if _apply_changes_immediately():
                if _is_locked():
                    mtime = _lock_mtime()
                    fix_suffix = ('Fix is being applied now...' if fix_ts and mtime and fix_ts < mtime
                                  else 'Fix will be applied on the next run.')
                else:
                    timing = _format_timing(_seconds_until_next_run())
                    fix_suffix = (f'Fix will be applied {timing}.' if timing
                                  else 'Fix pending. The processing service is not running.')
            else:
                fix_suffix = 'Fix pending. Visit the <strong>Actions</strong> page ASAP to apply fix.'
        for sev, items in grouped.items():
            if not items:
                continue
            cls = 'info-bar-danger' if sev == 'error' else 'info-bar-warning'
            problems_list = ('<ul style="margin:0.25em 0;padding-left:1.25em">'
                             + ''.join(f'<li>{d}</li>' for d in items)
                             + '</ul>')
            uuid_attr = f' data-health-uuid="{e(fix_uuid)}"' if _apply_changes_immediately() else ''
            fix_html = (f'<div style="margin-top:0.5em"{uuid_attr}>{fix_suffix}</div>'
                        if fix_suffix else '')
            content = ('<div style="width:100%">'
                       '<div style="font-weight:600;margin-bottom:0.25em">Health check - problems found:</div>'
                       + problems_list + fix_html
                       + '</div>')
            problem_bars += f'<div class="info-bar {cls}">{content}</div>\n'
    except Exception:
        pass

    pending_bar = ''
    if has_pending_alert and not problem_bars and view_id != 'view_actions':
        pending_bar = ('<div class="info-bar info-bar-warning">'
                       '<span>You have actions pending. Please visit the <strong>Actions</strong> page.</span>'
                       '</div>\n')

    return (f'<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang="en">\n<head>\n'
            f'  <meta charset="UTF-8"/>\n'
            f'  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>\n'
            f'  <title>{WEB_APP_DISPLAY_NAME}</title>\n'
            f'  <style>{css}</style>\n'
            f'</head>\n<body>\n'
            f'{titlebar_html}\n'
            f'{navbar_html}\n'
            f'<main class="main-content">\n{pending_bar}{problem_bars}{other_bars}{content_html}\n</main>\n'
            f'{footer_html}\n'
            f'<script>var CONFIG_HASH="{page_hash}";var LAN_IFACE="{lan_iface}";var VPN_VLAN_COUNT={vpn_count};var EXISTING_VLAN_IDS={existing_ids};var EXISTING_VLAN_NAMES={existing_names};var EXISTING_VLAN_INTERFACES={existing_interfaces};var APPLY_UUID={json.dumps(my_uuid)};</script>\n'
            f'<script>{_inline_js()}</script>\n'
            f'</body>\n</html>')


def _render_navbar(active_view, level, tokens, pending_alert=False):
    navbar_data = _load_json(f'{DATA_DIR}/navbar_content.json')
    left, right = [], []
    for item in navbar_data.get('items', []):
        req   = item.get('client_requirement')
        align = item.get('align', 'left')
        if not _passes(req, level):
            continue
        frag = _render_nav_item(item, active_view, level, in_dropdown=False, inherited_req=req, pending_alert=pending_alert)
        (right if align == 'right' else left).append(frag)

    return (f'<nav class="nav-bar">'
            f'<div class="nav-left">{"".join(left)}</div>'
            f'<div class="nav-right">{"".join(right)}</div>'
            f'</nav>')


def _render_nav_item(item, active_view, level, in_dropdown=False, inherited_req=None, pending_alert=False):
    req = item.get('client_requirement', inherited_req)
    t   = item.get('type', '')

    if t in ('nav_item', 'nav_action'):
        label     = e(item.get('label', ''))
        map_to    = item.get('map_to', '')
        action    = item.get('action', '')
        is_active = ' active' if map_to and map_to == active_view else ''
        pending   = ' nav-item-pending' if pending_alert and map_to == 'view_actions' else ''
        cls       = f'dropdown-item{is_active}' if in_dropdown else f'nav-item{is_active}{pending}'
        if action:
            return (f'<form method="post" action="/action/{e(action)}" class="form-inline">'
                    f'<button type="submit" class="{cls}">{label}</button></form>')
        if map_to:
            return f'<a href="/view/{e(map_to)}" class="{cls}">{label}</a>'
        return f'<span class="{cls}">{label}</span>'

    if t == 'nav_menu':
        raw_label = item.get('label', '')
        if raw_label == '%MENU_LABEL%':
            raw_label = 'Configure' if level >= LEVEL_RANK['administrator'] else 'View'
        label    = e(raw_label)
        children = ''
        for child in item.get('items', []):
            child_req = child.get('client_requirement', req)
            if not _passes(child_req, level):
                continue
            children += _render_nav_item(child, active_view, level, in_dropdown=True, inherited_req=req, pending_alert=pending_alert)
        if not children:
            return ''
        return (f'<div class="nav-menu">'
                f'<button class="nav-item nav-menu-trigger" aria-haspopup="true">{label}</button>'
                f'<div class="nav-dropdown">{children}</div>'
                f'</div>')
    return ''


# Inline JavaScript =================================================

def _inline_js():
    return r"""
function showCard(el) {
  el.style.display = '';
  el.classList.remove('card-reveal');
  void el.offsetWidth;
  el.classList.add('card-reveal');
  el.addEventListener('animationend', function() { el.classList.remove('card-reveal'); }, {once: true});
}

function prefixToDotted(n) {
  if (n < 1 || n > 30) return '';
  var mask = ((0xFFFFFFFF << (32 - n)) >>> 0);
  return [(mask >>> 24) & 0xFF, (mask >>> 16) & 0xFF, (mask >>> 8) & 0xFF, mask & 0xFF].join('.');
}

function deriveVlanId(subnet, prefix) {
  var parts = subnet.split('.');
  if (parts.length !== 4) return null;
  var octets = parts.map(function(p) { return parseInt(p, 10); });
  if (octets.some(function(o) { return isNaN(o) || o < 0 || o > 255; })) return null;
  var byteIdx = Math.floor((prefix - 1) / 8);
  var id = octets[byteIdx];
  return (id >= 0 && id <= 4094) ? id : null;
}

function networkBitsMessage(octets, prefix) {
  var byteIdx = Math.floor((prefix - 1) / 8);
  var hostBitsInActive = (prefix % 8 === 0) ? 0 : (8 - (prefix % 8));
  var activeMask = hostBitsInActive === 0 ? 0xFF : ((0xFF << hostBitsInActive) & 0xFF);
  var ordinals = ['1st', '2nd', '3rd', '4th'];
  var parts = [];
  if (hostBitsInActive > 0 && (octets[byteIdx] & ~activeMask) !== 0) {
    var step = 1 << hostBitsInActive;
    var vals = [];
    for (var v = 0; v < 256; v += step) vals.push(String(v));
    var valStr = vals.length <= 8
      ? vals.slice(0, -1).join(', ') + ' or ' + vals[vals.length - 1]
      : 'a multiple of ' + step;
    parts.push(ordinals[byteIdx] + ' quartet must be ' + valStr);
  }
  var badTrailing = [];
  for (var i = byteIdx + 1; i < 4; i++) {
    if (octets[i] !== 0) badTrailing.push(ordinals[i]);
  }
  if (badTrailing.length > 0) {
    var nameStr = badTrailing.length === 1
      ? badTrailing[0]
      : badTrailing.slice(0, -1).join(', ') + ' and ' + badTrailing[badTrailing.length - 1];
    parts.push(nameStr + ' quartet' + (badTrailing.length > 1 ? 's' : '') + ' must be 0');
  }
  if (parts.length === 0) return null;
  return parts.join('; ') + ' for /' + prefix;
}

function classifyMac(s) {
  if (!s) return 'empty';
  if (/[^0-9a-fA-F:]/.test(s)) return 'invalid_char';
  if (/::/.test(s)) return 'invalid_struct';
  var groups = s.split(':');
  if (groups.length > 6) return 'too_many';
  for (var i = 0; i < groups.length; i++) {
    if (groups[i].length > 2) return 'invalid_group';
  }
  if (groups.length === 6 && groups.every(function(g) { return g.length === 2; })) return 'complete';
  return 'incomplete';
}

function classifyIp(s) {
  if (!s) return 'empty';
  if (/[^0-9a-fA-F:.]/.test(s)) return 'invalid_char';
  if (s.indexOf(':') !== -1) {
    // IPv6
    if (/:::/.test(s) || (s.match(/::/g) || []).length > 1) return 'invalid_struct';
    var v6parts = s.split(':').filter(function(p) { return p !== ''; });
    if (!v6parts.every(function(p) { return /^[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}$/.test(p) || /^\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}$/.test(p); })) return 'invalid';
    var fullGroups = s.replace(/[^:]/g, '').length;
    if (s.indexOf('::') !== -1 || fullGroups === 7) return 'complete';
    return 'incomplete';
  }
  // IPv4
  if (/\.\./.test(s) || s.charAt(0) === '.') return 'invalid_struct';
  var parts = s.split('.');
  if (parts.length > 4) return 'invalid_struct';
  for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
    if (!parts[i]) continue;
    var n = parseInt(parts[i], 10);
    if (isNaN(n) || n > 255 || String(n) !== parts[i]) return 'invalid_range';
  }
  if (parts.length === 4 && parts.every(function(p) { return p !== ''; })) return 'complete';
  return 'incomplete';
}

function classifyIpv4(s) {
  if (!s) return 'empty';
  if (s.indexOf(':') !== -1) return 'invalid_struct';
  return classifyIp(s);
}

function classifyIpv6(s) {
  if (!s) return 'empty';
  if (s.indexOf('.') !== -1 && s.indexOf(':') === -1) return 'invalid_struct';
  if (s.indexOf(':') === -1) return 'incomplete';
  return classifyIp(s);
}

function classifyUrl(s) {
  if (!s) return 'empty';
  if (/[^A-Za-z0-9\-._~:/?#\[\]@!$&'()*+,;=%]/.test(s)) return 'invalid_char';
  var sl = s.toLowerCase();
  if ('https://'.startsWith(sl) || 'http://'.startsWith(sl)) return 'incomplete';
  var sep = sl.indexOf('://');
  if (sep === -1) return 'invalid_struct';
  var scheme = sl.slice(0, sep);
  if (scheme !== 'http' && scheme !== 'https') return 'invalid_struct';
  var afterScheme = s.slice(sep + 3);
  if (!afterScheme) return 'incomplete';
  var hostEnd = afterScheme.search(/[/:?#]/);
  var host    = hostEnd === -1 ? afterScheme : afterScheme.slice(0, hostEnd);
  var rest    = hostEnd === -1 ? '' : afterScheme.slice(hostEnd);
  if (!host) return 'incomplete';
  if (/\.\./.test(host) || host.charAt(0) === '.' || host.charAt(host.length - 1) === '.') return 'invalid_struct';
  var labels = host.split('.');
  for (var i = 0; i < labels.length; i++) {
    if (!/^[a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9\-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])?$/.test(labels[i])) return 'invalid_struct';
  }
  if (rest.charAt(0) === ':') {
    var portMatch = rest.slice(1).match(/^\d+/);
    if (!portMatch) return 'incomplete';
    if (parseInt(portMatch[0]) < 1 || parseInt(portMatch[0]) > 65535) return 'invalid_struct';
  }
  return 'complete';
}

function classifyPort(s) {
  if (!s) return 'empty';
  if (/[^0-9]/.test(s)) return 'invalid_char';
  var n = parseInt(s, 10);
  if (n < 1 || n > 65535) return 'out_of_range';
  return 'complete';
}

function classifyIpv4Cidr(s) {
  if (!s) return 'empty';
  var slash = s.indexOf('/');
  if (slash === -1) return classifyIpv4(s);
  var ipCls = classifyIpv4(s.slice(0, slash));
  if (ipCls !== 'complete') return ipCls;
  var prefix = s.slice(slash + 1);
  if (!prefix) return 'incomplete';
  if (/[^0-9]/.test(prefix)) return 'invalid_char';
  var n = parseInt(prefix, 10);
  if (n < 0 || n > 32) return 'invalid_struct';
  return 'complete';
}

function classifyEndpoint(s) {
  if (!s) return 'empty';
  if (s.indexOf(':') !== -1) return classifyIp(s);
  if (/^[0-9.]+$/.test(s))  return classifyIp(s);
  return classifyDomainname(s);
}

function classifyDashname(s) {
  if (!s) return 'empty';
  if (/[^a-z0-9-]/.test(s)) return 'invalid_char';
  if (s.charAt(0) === '-') return 'invalid_struct';
  if (/--/.test(s)) return 'invalid_struct';
  if (s.charAt(s.length - 1) === '-') return 'incomplete';
  return 'complete';
}

function classifyDomainname(s) {
  if (!s) return 'empty';
  if (/[^a-zA-Z0-9.-]/.test(s)) return 'invalid_char';
  if (s.charAt(0) === '.') return 'invalid_struct';
  if (/\.\./.test(s)) return 'invalid_struct';
  if (s.charAt(s.length - 1) === '.') return 'incomplete';
  var labels = s.split('.');
  for (var i = 0; i < labels.length; i++) {
    var l = labels[i];
    if (l.charAt(0) === '-' || l.charAt(l.length - 1) === '-') return 'invalid_struct';
  }
  return 'complete';
}

function classifyNetworkname(s) {
  if (!s) return 'empty';
  if (/[^a-zA-Z0-9_-]/.test(s)) return 'invalid_char';
  if (s.charAt(0) === '-' || s.charAt(0) === '_') return 'invalid_struct';
  if (/[-_]{2,}/.test(s)) return 'invalid_struct';
  if (s.charAt(s.length - 1) === '-' || s.charAt(s.length - 1) === '_') return 'incomplete';
  return 'complete';
}

function classifyTime24h(s) {
  if (!s) return 'empty';
  if (/[^0-9:]/.test(s)) return 'invalid_char';
  if (s.length < 5) return 'incomplete';
  if (!/^([01]\d|2[0-3]):[0-5]\d$/.test(s)) return 'invalid_struct';
  return 'complete';
}

function classifyPositiveInt(s, el) {
  if (el && el.validity && el.validity.badInput) return 'invalid_char';
  if (!s && s !== '0') return 'empty';
  if (/[^0-9]/.test(s)) return 'invalid_char';
  var n = parseInt(s, 10);
  var min = (el && el.min !== '') ? parseInt(el.min, 10) : 0;
  var max = (el && el.max !== '') ? parseInt(el.max, 10) : null;
  if (n < min || (max !== null && n > max)) return 'out_of_range';
  return 'complete';
}

function classifySubnet(s) {
  if (!s) return 'empty';
  if (/[^0-9.]/.test(s)) return 'invalid_char';
  if (/\.\./.test(s) || s.charAt(0) === '.') return 'invalid_struct';
  var parts = s.split('.');
  if (parts.length > 4) return 'too_many';
  for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
    var p = parts[i];
    if (!p) continue;
    var n = parseInt(p, 10);
    if (isNaN(n) || n > 255) return 'range';
  }
  if (parts.length < 4 || parts[3] === '') return 'incomplete';
  return 'complete';
}

function setFieldHint(input, message, state) {
  // state: 'error' | 'warning' | 'ok'
  var fg = input.closest('.form-group');
  var hintContainer = fg || input.parentElement;
  if (hintContainer) {
    var hint = hintContainer.querySelector('.field-dyn-hint');
    if (hint) {
      hint.textContent = message;
      hint.style.display = message ? '' : 'none';
      hint.style.color = (state === 'error') ? 'var(--danger)' : 'var(--text-muted)';
    }
  }
  input.classList.remove('field-invalid', 'field-warning');
  if (state === 'error' && message) input.classList.add('field-invalid');
  else if (state === 'warning')     input.classList.add('field-warning');
}

function updateAddVlanForm(form) {
  var nameInp     = form.querySelector('input[name="name"]');
  var subnetInp   = form.querySelector('input[name="subnet"]');
  var prefixInp   = form.querySelector('input.subnet-prefix-input');
  var vpnChk      = form.querySelector('input[name="is_vpn"]');
  var ifacePrev   = form.querySelector('.vlan-iface-preview');
  var derivedPrev = form.querySelector('.vlan-derived-id-preview');
  var submitBtn   = form.querySelector('.add-vlan-btn');
  if (!subnetInp || !prefixInp) return;

  var subnet = subnetInp.value.trim();
  var prefix = parseInt(prefixInp.value, 10);
  var isVpn  = vpnChk && vpnChk.checked;
  var lan    = typeof LAN_IFACE !== 'undefined' ? LAN_IFACE : 'eth0';
  var sClass = classifySubnet(subnet);
  var id     = (sClass === 'complete') ? deriveVlanId(subnet, prefix) : null;

  // Derived VLAN ID preview
  if (derivedPrev) derivedPrev.value = (id !== null) ? String(id) : '';

  // Interface preview
  var ifaceVal = '';
  if (isVpn) {
    ifaceVal = 'wg' + (typeof VPN_VLAN_COUNT !== 'undefined' ? VPN_VLAN_COUNT : 0);
  } else if (id !== null) {
    ifaceVal = (id === 1) ? lan : lan + '.' + id;
  }
  if (ifacePrev) ifacePrev.value = ifaceVal;

  // Subnet sub-text + colour
  var subnetMsg = '', subnetState = 'ok', subnetOk = false;
  if (sClass === 'empty' || sClass === 'incomplete') {
    subnetState = 'warning';
  } else if (sClass === 'invalid_char' || sClass === 'invalid_struct' || sClass === 'too_many') {
    subnetMsg = 'Invalid'; subnetState = 'error';
  } else if (sClass === 'range') {
    subnetMsg = 'Quartet out of range'; subnetState = 'error';
  } else {
    var octetsArr = subnet.split('.').map(Number);
    var hostMsg = networkBitsMessage(octetsArr, prefix);
    if (hostMsg) {
      subnetMsg = hostMsg; subnetState = 'error';
    } else if (id === 0) {
      subnetMsg = 'Would compute to VLAN ID 0 (reserved)'; subnetState = 'error';
    } else if (id === null || EXISTING_VLAN_IDS.indexOf(id) !== -1) {
      subnetMsg = id === null ? '' : 'Duplicate'; subnetState = id === null ? 'warning' : 'error';
    } else {
      subnetOk = true;
    }
  }
  setFieldHint(subnetInp, subnetMsg, subnetState);

  // Interface duplicate/reserved sub-text
  if (ifacePrev) {
    if (id === 0 && !isVpn) {
      setFieldHint(ifacePrev, 'Reserved', 'error');
    } else {
      var ifaceDupe = ifaceVal.length > 0 && EXISTING_VLAN_INTERFACES.indexOf(ifaceVal) !== -1;
      setFieldHint(ifacePrev, ifaceDupe ? 'Duplicate' : '', ifaceDupe ? 'error' : 'ok');
    }
  }

  // VLAN ID duplicate/reserved sub-text
  if (derivedPrev) {
    if (id === 0) {
      setFieldHint(derivedPrev, 'Reserved', 'error');
    } else {
      var derivedDupe = id !== null && EXISTING_VLAN_IDS.indexOf(id) !== -1;
      setFieldHint(derivedPrev, derivedDupe ? 'Duplicate' : '', derivedDupe ? 'error' : 'ok');
    }
  }

  // Name validation + colour
  if (submitBtn) {
    var name      = nameInp ? nameInp.value.trim().toLowerCase() : '';
    var nameValid = name.length > 0 && /^[a-z0-9-]+$/.test(name);
    var nameDupe  = nameValid && EXISTING_VLAN_NAMES.indexOf(name) !== -1;
    var nameOk    = nameValid && !nameDupe;
    if (nameInp) {
      nameInp.classList.remove('field-invalid', 'field-warning');
      if (name.length === 0)  nameInp.classList.add('field-warning');
      else if (!nameOk)       nameInp.classList.add('field-invalid');
    }
    submitBtn.disabled = !(nameOk && subnetOk);
  }
}

document.addEventListener('input', function(e) {
  var wrap = e.target.closest('.subnet-row-wrap');
  if (wrap) {
    var dotLabel = wrap.querySelector('.subnet-dotted');
    if (dotLabel) {
      var n = parseInt(wrap.querySelector('.subnet-prefix-input').value, 10);
      dotLabel.textContent = (n >= 1 && n <= 30) ? prefixToDotted(n) : '';
    }
  }
  var form = e.target.closest('form');
  if (form && form.querySelector('.add-vlan-btn')) updateAddVlanForm(form);
});

document.addEventListener('change', function(e) {
  if (e.target.name !== 'is_vpn') return;
  var form = e.target.closest('form');
  if (form && form.querySelector('.add-vlan-btn')) updateAddVlanForm(form);
});

document.querySelectorAll('.row-edit-btn').forEach(function(btn) {
  btn.addEventListener('click', function() {
    var row    = JSON.parse(this.dataset.row);
    var idx    = this.dataset.rowIndex;
    var target = document.getElementById(this.dataset.target);
    if (!target) return;
    var idxField = target.querySelector('[name="row_index"]');
    if (idxField) idxField.value = idx;
    Object.keys(row).forEach(function(key) {
      var field = target.querySelector('[name="' + key + '"]');
      if (!field) return;
      if (field.type === 'checkbox') {
        field.checked = row[key] === true || row[key] === 'true' || row[key] === 1;
      } else {
        field.value = row[key] != null ? String(row[key]) : '';
      }
    });
    showCard(target);
    target.scrollIntoView({behavior: 'smooth', block: 'nearest'});
  });
});

document.addEventListener('click', function(e) {
  var btn = e.target.closest('.row-inline-edit-btn');
  if (!btn) return;
  var rowData = JSON.parse(btn.dataset.row);
  var idx     = btn.dataset.rowIndex;
  var action  = btn.dataset.action;
  var fields  = JSON.parse(btn.dataset.fields);
  var tr      = btn.closest('tr');
  var fieldMap = {};
  fields.forEach(function(f) { fieldMap[f.col] = f; });

  function esc(s) {
    return String(s).replace(/&/g,'&amp;').replace(/"/g,'&quot;').replace(/</g,'&lt;').replace(/>/g,'&gt;');
  }

  function buildCredentialsHtml(provider, data) {
    if (provider === 'noip') {
      return '<div class="cred-field"><span class="cred-label">U:</span>' +
        '<input type="text" name="username" value="' + esc(data.username||'') +
        '" class="form-input inline-edit-input"/></div>' +
        '<div class="cred-field"><span class="cred-label">P:</span>' +
        '<input type="password" name="password" value="' + esc(data.password||'') +
        '" class="form-input inline-edit-input"/></div>';
    } else {
      return '<input type="text" name="api_token" value="' + esc(data.api_token||'') +
        '" class="form-input inline-edit-input" placeholder="API Token"/>';
    }
  }

  tr.querySelectorAll('td[data-field]').forEach(function(td) {
    var field = td.dataset.field;
    td.dataset.orig = td.innerHTML;
    var fDef = fieldMap[field];
    if (fDef === undefined) return;
    var inputType = fDef.input_type || 'text';
    var val = rowData[field] != null ? rowData[field] : '';

    if (inputType === 'checkbox') {
      var checked = (val === true || val === 'true' || val === 1 || val === '1');
      var cbLabel = fDef.checkbox_label ? ' <span class="form-checkbox-label">' + esc(fDef.checkbox_label) + '</span>' : '';
      td.innerHTML = '<label class="inline-edit-checkbox-wrap">' +
        '<input type="checkbox" name="' + field + '"' +
        (checked ? ' checked' : '') + ' class="inline-edit-checkbox"/>' + cbLabel + '</label>';
    } else if (inputType === 'checkbox_multi') {
      var opts = fDef.options || [];
      var checked = [];
      try { var parsed = JSON.parse(val); if (Array.isArray(parsed)) checked = parsed; } catch(ex) {}
      var cbHtml = '<div class="checkbox-multi-group">';
      opts.forEach(function(o) {
        var isChecked = checked.indexOf(o.value) !== -1;
        cbHtml += '<label class="checkbox-multi-item">' +
          '<input type="checkbox" name="' + field + '" value="' + esc(o.value) + '"' +
          (isChecked ? ' checked' : '') + ' class="inline-edit-checkbox-multi"/> ' + esc(o.label) + '</label>';
      });
      cbHtml += '</div>';
      td.innerHTML = cbHtml;
    } else if (inputType === 'select') {
      var opts = fDef.options || [];
      var selHtml = '<select name="' + field + '" class="form-select inline-edit-select">';
      opts.forEach(function(o) {
        selHtml += '<option value="' + esc(o.value) + '"' +
          (String(val) === String(o.value) ? ' selected' : '') + '>' + esc(o.label) + '</option>';
      });
      selHtml += '</select>';
      td.innerHTML = selHtml;
    } else if (inputType === 'number') {
      var minAttr = fDef.min !== undefined ? ' min="' + esc(String(fDef.min)) + '"' : '';
      var maxAttr = fDef.max !== undefined ? ' max="' + esc(String(fDef.max)) + '"' : '';
      td.innerHTML = '<input type="number" name="' + field + '" value="' + esc(String(val)) +
        '"' + minAttr + maxAttr + ' class="form-input inline-edit-input" data-validate="positive_int"/>' +
        '<p class="form-hint field-dyn-hint hidden"></p>';
      if (typeof validateEl === 'function') validateEl(td.querySelector('input'));
    } else if (inputType === 'textarea') {
      var textVal;
      try { var arr = JSON.parse(val); textVal = Array.isArray(arr) ? arr.join('\n') : String(val||''); }
      catch(ex) { textVal = String(val||''); }
      td.innerHTML = '<textarea name="' + field + '" rows="3" class="form-input inline-edit-textarea">' +
        esc(textVal) + '</textarea>';
    } else if (inputType === 'credentials') {
      td.innerHTML = buildCredentialsHtml(rowData.provider || 'noip', rowData);
    } else {
      var validateAttr = fDef.validate ? ' data-validate="' + esc(fDef.validate) + '"' : '';
      var hintHtml = fDef.validate ? '<p class="form-hint field-dyn-hint hidden"></p>' : '';
      td.innerHTML = '<input type="' + inputType + '" name="' + field +
        '" value="' + esc(String(val)) + '" class="form-input inline-edit-input"' + validateAttr + '/>' + hintHtml;
      if (fDef.validate && typeof validateEl === 'function') validateEl(td.querySelector('input'));
    }
  });

  var providerTd = tr.querySelector('td[data-field="provider"]');
  var credsTd    = tr.querySelector('td[data-field="credentials"]');
  if (providerTd && credsTd) {
    var provSel = providerTd.querySelector('select');
    if (provSel) {
      provSel.addEventListener('change', function() {
        credsTd.innerHTML = buildCredentialsHtml(this.value, rowData);
      });
    }
  }

  var actTd = tr.querySelector('.col-actions');
  if (actTd) {
    actTd.dataset.origActions = actTd.innerHTML;
    actTd.innerHTML =
      '<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm inline-save-btn"' +
      ' data-action="' + action + '" data-row-index="' + idx + '">Save</button>' +
      ' <button type="button" class="btn btn-ghost btn-sm inline-cancel-btn">Cancel</button>';

    actTd.querySelector('.inline-save-btn').addEventListener('click', function() {
      var f = document.createElement('form');
      f.method = 'post';
      f.action = this.dataset.action;
      f.style.display = 'none';
      var addHidden = function(name, value) {
        var inp = document.createElement('input');
        inp.type = 'hidden'; inp.name = name; inp.value = value;
        f.appendChild(inp);
      };
      addHidden('row_index', this.dataset.rowIndex);
      addHidden('config_hash', typeof CONFIG_HASH !== 'undefined' ? CONFIG_HASH : '');
      tr.querySelectorAll('td[data-field] input[name], td[data-field] textarea[name], td[data-field] select[name]').forEach(function(inp) {
        if (inp.type === 'checkbox') {
          if (inp.classList.contains('inline-edit-checkbox-multi')) {
            if (inp.checked) addHidden(inp.name, inp.value);
          } else {
            if (inp.checked) addHidden(inp.name, 'on');
          }
        } else {
          addHidden(inp.name, inp.value);
        }
      });
      document.body.appendChild(f);
      f.submit();
    });

    actTd.querySelector('.inline-cancel-btn').addEventListener('click', function() {
      tr.querySelectorAll('td[data-field]').forEach(function(td) {
        if (td.dataset.orig !== undefined) td.innerHTML = td.dataset.orig;
      });
      actTd.innerHTML = actTd.dataset.origActions;
    });
  }
});

document.querySelectorAll('select[data-filter-col]').forEach(function(sel) {
  function applyFilter() {
    var col     = sel.dataset.filterCol;
    var val     = sel.value;
    var toolbar = sel.closest('.table-toolbar');
    if (!toolbar) return;
    var wrapper = toolbar.nextElementSibling;
    if (!wrapper || !wrapper.classList.contains('table-wrapper')) return;
    wrapper.querySelectorAll('tbody tr').forEach(function(tr) {
      if (val === 'all') {
        tr.style.display = '';
      } else {
        var td = tr.querySelector('td[data-field="' + col + '"]');
        tr.style.display = (td && td.textContent.trim() === val) ? '' : 'none';
      }
    });
  }
  sel.addEventListener('change', applyFilter);
});

document.querySelectorAll('.js-hide-card').forEach(function(btn) {
  btn.addEventListener('click', function(e) {
    e.preventDefault();
    var card = this.closest('.card');
    if (card) card.style.display = 'none';
  });
});

function _elMakeRow(list, value) {
  var row = document.createElement('div');
  row.className = 'editable-list-item';
  var inp = document.createElement('input');
  inp.type = 'text'; inp.name = list.dataset.name; inp.value = value;
  inp.placeholder = list.dataset.placeholder || ''; inp.className = 'form-input';
  var btn = document.createElement('button');
  btn.type = 'button'; btn.className = 'btn btn-ghost btn-sm editable-list-remove';
  btn.textContent = 'Remove';
  btn.addEventListener('click', function() { row.remove(); });
  row.appendChild(inp); row.appendChild(btn);
  return row;
}

document.querySelectorAll('.editable-list').forEach(function(list) {
  list.querySelectorAll('.editable-list-item').forEach(function(row) {
    row.querySelector('.editable-list-remove').addEventListener('click', function() { row.remove(); });
  });
  list.querySelector('.editable-list-add').addEventListener('click', function() {
    list.insertBefore(_elMakeRow(list, ''), this);
  });
});

var validateEl;
(function() {
  var _ipMsgs = { invalid_char: 'Invalid character', invalid_struct: 'Invalid format',
                  invalid_range: 'Octet out of range', invalid: 'Invalid IP address' };
  var _msgs = {
    ip:     _ipMsgs,
    ipv4:   _ipMsgs,
    ipv6:   _ipMsgs,
    mac:    { invalid_char: 'Invalid character', invalid_struct: 'Invalid format',
              too_many: 'Too many groups', invalid_group: 'Each group must be exactly 2 hex characters' },
    subnet: { invalid_char: 'Invalid character', invalid_struct: 'Invalid format',
              range: 'Octet out of range' },
    url:         { invalid_char: 'Invalid character', invalid_struct: 'Invalid URL format' },
    port:        { invalid_char: 'Digits only', out_of_range: 'Must be between 1 and 65535' },
    ipv4cidr:   { invalid_char: 'Invalid character', invalid_struct: 'Prefix must be 0-32',
                   invalid_range: 'Octet out of range' },
    endpoint:    { invalid_char: 'Invalid character', invalid_struct: 'Invalid hostname or IP',
                   invalid_range: 'Octet out of range', invalid: 'Invalid IP address' },
    dashname:    { invalid_char: 'Lowercase letters, digits and hyphens only',
                   invalid_struct: 'No leading, trailing or consecutive hyphens' },
    domainname:  { invalid_char: 'Letters, digits, hyphens and dots only',
                   invalid_struct: 'Invalid domain format' },
    networkname: { invalid_char: 'Letters, digits, hyphens and underscores only',
                   invalid_struct: 'No leading, trailing or consecutive special characters' },
    time_24h:    { invalid_char: 'Digits and colon only', invalid_struct: 'Must be HH:MM in 24-hour format (e.g. 02:30)' },
    positive_int: { invalid_char: 'Digits only',
                    out_of_range: function(el) {
                      var mn = (el && el.min !== '') ? el.min : null;
                      var mx = (el && el.max !== '') ? el.max : null;
                      if (mn !== null && mx !== null) return 'Must be between ' + mn + ' and ' + mx;
                      if (mn !== null) return 'Must be ≥ ' + mn;
                      if (mx !== null) return 'Must be ≤ ' + mx;
                      return 'Out of range';
                    }}
  };
  var _classifiers = { ip: classifyIp, ipv4: classifyIpv4, ipv6: classifyIpv6, mac: classifyMac,
                       subnet: classifySubnet, url: classifyUrl,
                       port: classifyPort, ipv4cidr: classifyIpv4Cidr,
                       endpoint: classifyEndpoint,
                       dashname: classifyDashname, domainname: classifyDomainname, networkname: classifyNetworkname,
                       time_24h: classifyTime24h, positive_int: classifyPositiveInt };

  validateEl = function(el) {
    var list  = el.closest('.editable-list[data-validate]');
    var vtype = el.dataset.validate || (list ? list.dataset.validate : '');
    var classify = _classifiers[vtype];
    if (!classify) return;
    var cls = classify(el.value, el);
    if (list) {
      el.classList.remove('field-invalid', 'field-warning');
      if (cls === 'incomplete')                       el.classList.add('field-warning');
      else if (cls !== 'empty' && cls !== 'complete') el.classList.add('field-invalid');
    } else {
      var msgs = _msgs[vtype] || {};
      if (cls === 'complete' || cls === 'empty') {
        setFieldHint(el, el._postValidate ? el._postValidate(cls) : '', 'ok');
      } else if (cls === 'incomplete') {
        setFieldHint(el, el._postValidate ? el._postValidate(cls) : '', 'warning');
      } else {
        var msgVal = msgs[cls];
        setFieldHint(el, typeof msgVal === 'function' ? msgVal(el) : (msgVal || 'Invalid'), 'error');
      }
    }
  };

  // Regular fields (not inside editable lists) - initial state + expose _triggerValidate
  document.querySelectorAll('input[data-validate]').forEach(function(el) {
    if (el.closest('.editable-list')) return;
    el._triggerValidate = function() { validateEl(el); };
    validateEl(el);
  });

  // Document-level delegation for regular fields (covers static + dynamically added inputs)
  document.addEventListener('input', function(ev) {
    var el = ev.target;
    if (el.tagName !== 'INPUT' || !el.dataset.validate || el.closest('.editable-list')) return;
    validateEl(el);
  });

  // Editable lists: validate existing items, delegation + MutationObserver for added items
  document.querySelectorAll('.editable-list[data-validate]').forEach(function(list) {
    if (!_classifiers[list.dataset.validate]) return;
    list.querySelectorAll('input').forEach(function(inp) { validateEl(inp); });
    list.addEventListener('input', function(ev) {
      if (ev.target.tagName === 'INPUT') validateEl(ev.target);
    });
    new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
      mutations.forEach(function(m) {
        m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {
          if (node.nodeType !== 1) return;
          var inp = node.querySelector ? node.querySelector('input') : null;
          if (inp) validateEl(inp);
        });
      });
    }).observe(list, {childList: true});
  });
})();

(function() {
  document.querySelectorAll('form').forEach(function(form) {
    var origInput = form.querySelector('input[name="original_values"]');
    if (!origInput) return;
    var original;
    try { original = JSON.parse(origInput.value); } catch(ex) { return; }

    var submitBtns = form.querySelectorAll('button[type="submit"]');
    var cancelBtns = form.querySelectorAll('.btn-cancel');
    submitBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.disabled = true; });
    cancelBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.disabled = true; });

    // Only track fields named in original - naturally excludes config_hash,
    // row_index, etc., while including hidden inputs (e.g. picker values).
    function snapshot() {
      var state = {};
      Object.keys(original).forEach(function(k) { if (Array.isArray(original[k])) state[k] = []; });
      form.querySelectorAll('input, select, textarea').forEach(function(el) {
        if (!el.name || !(el.name in original)) return;
        var val = el.type === 'checkbox' ? (el.checked ? '1' : '0') : el.value;
        if (Array.isArray(state[el.name]))         { state[el.name].push(val); }
        else if (Array.isArray(original[el.name])) { state[el.name] = [val]; }
        else                                        { state[el.name] = val; }
      });
      return JSON.stringify(state);
    }

    var baseSnap = snapshot();

    function checkDirty() {
      var dirty = snapshot() !== baseSnap;
      submitBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.disabled = !dirty; });
      cancelBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.disabled = !dirty; });
    }

    function resetToBase() {
      // Reset editable lists (DOM rebuild)
      form.querySelectorAll('.editable-list').forEach(function(list) {
        var addBtn = list.querySelector('.editable-list-add');
        list.querySelectorAll('.editable-list-item').forEach(function(r) { r.remove(); });
        (original[list.dataset.name] || []).forEach(function(v) {
          list.insertBefore(_elMakeRow(list, v), addBtn);
        });
      });
      // Reset all tracked inputs; dispatch change so custom widgets update themselves
      form.querySelectorAll('input, select, textarea').forEach(function(el) {
        if (!el.name || !(el.name in original) || el.closest('.editable-list')) return;
        var orig = original[el.name];
        var newVal = orig !== undefined ? String(orig) : '';
        if (el.type === 'checkbox') {
          el.checked = (orig === '1');
          el.dispatchEvent(new Event('change', {bubbles: true}));
        } else if (el.value !== newVal) {
          el.value = newVal;
          el.dispatchEvent(new Event('change', {bubbles: true}));
        }
      });
      checkDirty();
      form.querySelectorAll('input[data-validate]').forEach(function(el) {
        if (typeof validateEl === 'function') validateEl(el);
      });
    }

    cancelBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.addEventListener('click', resetToBase); });
    form.addEventListener('input', checkDirty);
    form.addEventListener('change', checkDirty);
    new MutationObserver(checkDirty).observe(form, {childList: true, subtree: true});

    form._resetDirtyState = function() {
      baseSnap = snapshot();
      submitBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.disabled = true; });
      cancelBtns.forEach(function(b) { b.disabled = true; });
    };
  });
})();

(function() {
  function updateCredFields(container, provider) {
    var tokenGrp = container.querySelector('.cred-group-token');
    var noipGrp  = container.querySelector('.cred-group-noip');
    if (!tokenGrp || !noipGrp) return;
    tokenGrp.style.display = (provider === 'noip') ? 'none' : '';
    noipGrp.style.display  = (provider === 'noip') ? ''     : 'none';
  }
  document.querySelectorAll('.credential-fields').forEach(function(container) {
    var selName = container.dataset.providerSelect;
    var form    = container.closest('form');
    if (!form || !selName) return;
    var sel = form.querySelector('[name="' + selName + '"]');
    if (!sel) return;
    updateCredFields(container, sel.value);
    sel.addEventListener('change', function() { updateCredFields(container, this.value); });
  });
})();

function timingPhrase(n) {
  return n <= 5 ? 'momentarily'
       : n < 60 ? 'in about ' + n + ' seconds'
       : 'in about ' + Math.round(n / 60) + ' minute' + (Math.round(n / 60) !== 1 ? 's' : '');
}

function startPoller(uuid, handlers) {
  var nextIn = null;
  var pollTimer = null;
  var tickTimer = null;

  function onStatus(data) {
    if (data.status === 'complete') {
      clearTimeout(pollTimer); clearTimeout(tickTimer);
      handlers.onComplete(); return;
    }
    if (data.status === 'running') {
      handlers.onRunning();
    } else {
      if (data.next_in !== null && data.next_in !== undefined) { nextIn = data.next_in; }
      handlers.onPending(nextIn);
    }
    pollTimer = setTimeout(doPoll, 3000);
  }

  function doPoll() {
    fetch('/api/apply-health?uuid=' + encodeURIComponent(uuid))
      .then(function(r) { return r.json(); })
      .then(onStatus)
      .catch(function() { pollTimer = setTimeout(doPoll, 3000); });
  }

  function tick() {
    if (nextIn !== null && nextIn > 0) { nextIn--; handlers.onPending(nextIn); }
    tickTimer = setTimeout(tick, 1000);
  }

  doPoll();
  tick();
}

function startApplyPoller(uuid, bar, mine) {
  function user() { return bar.getAttribute('data-apply-user') || ''; }
  function esc(s) { return s.replace(/&/g,'&amp;').replace(/</g,'&lt;').replace(/>/g,'&gt;'); }
  startPoller(uuid, {
    onPending: function(nextIn) {
      bar.classList.remove('info-bar-running');
      bar.innerHTML = nextIn === null
        ? (mine ? 'Configuration saved. The processing service is not running.'
                : esc(user()) + ' has pending changes. The processing service is not running.')
        : (mine ? 'Configuration saved. Your changes will be applied ' + timingPhrase(nextIn) + '.'
                : esc(user()) + ' has pending changes which will be applied ' + timingPhrase(nextIn) + '.');
    },
    onRunning: function() {
      bar.classList.add('info-bar-running');
      bar.innerHTML = mine ? 'Configuration saved. Your changes are being applied now...'
                           : esc(user()) + '\'s changes are being applied now...';
    },
    onComplete: function() {
      bar.classList.remove('info-bar-running');
      bar.innerHTML = mine ? 'Your changes have been applied.'
                           : esc(user()) + '\'s changes have been applied.';
    }
  });
}

(function() {
  if (typeof APPLY_UUID !== 'undefined' && APPLY_UUID) {
    var bar = document.querySelector('.info-bar-flash.info-bar-success');
    if (bar) startApplyPoller(APPLY_UUID, bar, true);
  }
  document.querySelectorAll('[data-apply-uuid]').forEach(function(bar) {
    startApplyPoller(bar.getAttribute('data-apply-uuid'), bar, false);
  });
  document.querySelectorAll('[data-health-uuid]').forEach(function(el) {
    startPoller(el.getAttribute('data-health-uuid'), {
      onPending: function(nextIn) {
        el.textContent = nextIn === null ? 'Fix pending. The processing service is not running.'
                                        : 'Fix will be applied ' + timingPhrase(nextIn) + '.';
      },
      onRunning:  function() { el.textContent = 'Fix is being applied now...'; },
      onComplete: function() { el.textContent = 'Fix has been applied.'; }
    });
  });
})();

(function() {
  function closeAll() {
    document.querySelectorAll('.iface-picker-dropdown.open').forEach(function(d) {
      d.classList.remove('open');
    });
  }
  document.querySelectorAll('.iface-picker').forEach(function(picker) {
    var btn      = picker.querySelector('.iface-picker-btn');
    var header   = picker.querySelector('.iface-picker-header');
    var dropdown = picker.querySelector('.iface-picker-dropdown');
    var hidden   = picker.querySelector('input[type="hidden"]');

    function applySelection(iface) {
      var row = dropdown.querySelector('.iface-picker-row[data-iface="' + iface + '"]');
      if (!row) return;
      btn.querySelector('.iface-picker-name').textContent = iface;
      var badge = btn.querySelector('.iface-picker-badge');
      if (!badge) { badge = document.createElement('span'); btn.appendChild(badge); }
      badge.className = 'badge ' + row.dataset.stateClass + ' iface-picker-badge';
      badge.textContent = row.dataset.stateLabel;
      var stats = header.querySelector('.iface-picker-stats');
      if (!stats) {
        stats = document.createElement('table');
        stats.className = 'iface-picker-stats';
        stats.innerHTML = '<thead><tr><th>Speed</th><th>MTU</th><th>MAC</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr></tr></tbody>';
        header.appendChild(stats);
      }
      stats.querySelector('tbody tr').innerHTML =
        '<td>' + (row.dataset.speed || '-') + '</td>'
        + '<td>' + (row.dataset.mtu  || '-') + '</td>'
        + '<td class="col-mono">' + (row.dataset.mac  || '-') + '</td>';
      dropdown.querySelectorAll('.iface-picker-row').forEach(function(r) {
        r.classList.toggle('selected', r === row);
      });
    }

    hidden.addEventListener('change', function() { applySelection(hidden.value); });

    btn.addEventListener('click', function(e) {
      e.stopPropagation();
      var wasOpen = dropdown.classList.contains('open');
      closeAll();
      if (!wasOpen) dropdown.classList.add('open');
    });
    dropdown.addEventListener('click', function(e) { e.stopPropagation(); });
    dropdown.querySelectorAll('.iface-picker-row').forEach(function(row) {
      row.addEventListener('click', function() {
        hidden.value = this.dataset.iface;
        closeAll();
        hidden.dispatchEvent(new Event('change', {bubbles: true}));
      });
    });
  });
  document.addEventListener('click', closeAll);
  document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {
    if (e.key === 'Escape') closeAll();
  });
  document.querySelectorAll('.iface-configure-btn').forEach(function(btn) {
    btn.addEventListener('click', function() {
      var card = document.getElementById('iface-config-card');
      if (!card) return;
      var form = card.querySelector('form');
      if (!form) return;
      form.querySelector('[name="iface"]').value = this.dataset.iface;
      var minMtu = this.dataset.minMtu !== '' ? parseInt(this.dataset.minMtu) : null;
      var maxMtu = this.dataset.maxMtu !== '' ? parseInt(this.dataset.maxMtu) : null;
      var mtuSel = form.querySelector('[name="mtu"]');
      var originalMtu = this.dataset.mtu || '';
      if (mtuSel) {
        Array.from(mtuSel.options).forEach(function(opt) {
          var v = parseInt(opt.value);
          var out = !isNaN(v) && ((minMtu !== null && v < minMtu) || (maxMtu !== null && v > maxMtu));
          opt.disabled = out;
          opt.hidden   = out;
        });
        mtuSel.value = originalMtu;
        if (!mtuSel.value || mtuSel.selectedOptions[0].disabled) {
          var first = Array.from(mtuSel.options).find(function(o) { return !o.disabled; });
          if (first) mtuSel.value = first.value;
          originalMtu = mtuSel.value;
        }
      }
      var origMtuField = form.querySelector('[name="original_mtu"]');
      if (origMtuField) origMtuField.value = originalMtu;
      var macInput = form.querySelector('[name="mac"]');
      var originalMac = this.dataset.mac || '';
      if (macInput) {
        macInput.dataset.permMac = this.dataset.permMac || '';
        macInput.value = originalMac;
        if (macInput._triggerValidate) macInput._triggerValidate();
      }
      var origMacField = form.querySelector('[name="original_mac"]');
      if (origMacField) origMacField.value = originalMac;
      if (form._resetDirtyState) form._resetDirtyState();
      showCard(card);
      card.scrollIntoView({behavior: 'smooth', block: 'nearest'});
    });
  });
  document.querySelectorAll('.iface-config-cancel').forEach(function(a) {
    a.addEventListener('click', function(ev) {
      ev.preventDefault();
      var card = document.getElementById('iface-config-card');
      if (card) card.style.display = 'none';
    });
  });
})();
(function() {
  var card = document.getElementById('iface-config-card');
  if (!card) return;
  var macInput = card.querySelector('input[name="mac"]');
  if (!macInput || !macInput._triggerValidate) return;
  macInput._postValidate = function() {
    return macInput.dataset.permMac ? 'Factory default: ' + macInput.dataset.permMac : '';
  };
  macInput._triggerValidate();
})();
document.querySelectorAll('.pre-block[data-scroll-bottom]').forEach(function(el) {
  el.scrollTop = el.scrollHeight;
});
document.querySelectorAll('[data-reveal-card]').forEach(function(btn) {
  btn.addEventListener('click', function() {
    var card = document.getElementById(btn.dataset.revealCard);
    if (!card) return;
    if (card.style.display === 'none') { showCard(card); } else { card.style.display = 'none'; }
  });
});
(function() {
  document.querySelectorAll('.stat-card-editable').forEach(function(card) {
    var form   = card.querySelector('.stat-card-edit-form');
    var input  = form ? form.querySelector('input[data-original]') : null;
    var saveBtn = form ? form.querySelector('button[type="submit"]') : null;
    function updateSave() {
      if (input && saveBtn) saveBtn.disabled = (input.value === input.dataset.original);
    }
    if (input) input.addEventListener('input', updateSave);
    card.querySelector('.stat-card-edit-btn').addEventListener('click', function() {
      card.querySelector('.stat-card-view').style.display = 'none';
      form.style.display = '';
    });
    form && form.querySelector('.stat-card-cancel-btn').addEventListener('click', function() {
      card.querySelector('.stat-card-view').style.display = '';
      form.style.display = 'none';
      if (input) { input.value = input.dataset.original; updateSave(); }
    });
  });
})();
"""


# Routes ============================================================

@bp.route('/')
def index():
    return _serve_view('view_overview')

@bp.route('/view/<view_id>')
def view(view_id):
    return _serve_view(view_id)

def _serve_view(view_id):
    content_data = _load_json(f'{DATA_DIR}/page_content.json')
    view_def = next((v for v in content_data.get('views', []) if v.get('id') == view_id), None)

    if view_def is None:
        from flask import abort
        abort(404)

    view_req = view_def.get('client_requirement')
    level    = _client_level()
    if not _passes(view_req, level):
        return redirect('/view/view_overview' if level > 0 else '/view/view_log_in')

    tokens = collect_tokens()

    flash_html = ''
    for category, message in get_flashed_messages(with_categories=True):
        variant  = {'error': 'danger', 'warning': 'warning', 'success': 'success'}.get(category, 'info')
        msg_html = message if isinstance(message, Markup) else e(message)
        flash_html += f'<div class="info-bar info-bar-{variant} info-bar-flash"><span>{msg_html}</span></div>'

    content_html = flash_html + render_items(view_def.get('items', []), tokens, view_req)
    return render_layout(view_id, content_html, tokens)